PSCI 1421 Lab 2 Linear

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University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley *

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1421.90L

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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For today is PSCI 1421 Lab 2: Linear Motion Learning goals: Students will be able to accurately interpret and draw position, velocity and acceleration graphs for common situations and explain their reasoning. Part 1: Background We are exposed to motion all the time, from the movement of the sun and moon to cars and people. The simplest form of motion is motion in a straight line or linear motion . To study any form of motion, we take into consideration several quantities: distance covered, displacement , the speed of the object, the velocity of the object and the resulting acceleration . Distance is the actual path length traveled. Different roots have different distances. Distance is a scalar quantity, meaning that it has only magnitude. Displacement is the straight-line distance between the initial and final positions with direction toward the final position. Displacement is a vector quantity, meaning that it has magnitude and direction. Conventionally, in one-dimensional motion, positive displacement means the object is moving to the right while negative displacement shows the object is heading to the left. Speed is a measure of ‘how fast an object is moving’. Since an object, for instance, a car, cannot realistically maintain a constant speed all throughout its journey, the average speed can be a useful value to describe its motion. Average speed is defined as the ratio of the overall distance an object travels to

the amount of time that the object travels. In equation form: If you know you will average 50 miles per hour on a 200- mile trip, it’s easy to predict how long the trip will take. However, the average speed is only useful for predicting outcomes of trips done over a period of time. If one wants to know an object’s speed at a particular instant, then we consider not the average speed but the instantaneous speed . For instance, a highway patrol officer following you when you drive will not care about your average speed over 200 miles. The patrol officer will want to know how fast you’re driving the instant the radar strikes your car, so he or she can determine whether or not to give you a ticket. The officer wants to know your instantaneous speed. Practically speaking, your car’s instantaneous speed is the reading on its speedometer at a particular time. Theoretically though, if you measure the average speed of a moving object over smaller and smaller intervals of distance, the value of the average speed approaches the value of the object’s instantaneous speed. Acceleration, on the other hand, is a quantity that indicates a change of velocity (speed and direction) with respect to time. In this experiment, a cart will be placed on a nearly frictionless inclined plane. The motion of the cart then will be due to the force of gravity alone thus giving the cart almost constant acceleration. Assuming the initial speed of the cart is zero, we can find the final speed and the acceleration of the cart as follows: Velocity is similar to speed, but direction is involved. Average velocity is the displacement divided by the total travel time. For a straight-line motion in one direction, speed and velocity have something in common. Their magnitudes are the same because the lengths of the distance and the displacement are the same. The distinction between them in this case is that a displacement direction must be specified for the

velocity. As you may guess, there is also instantaneous velocity which is the velocity at any instant of time.

1/30/2024 Loeblein about 100 minutes Dr. Liang Zeng edited the lab. 4 Student Directions for Moving Man Activity https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/moving-man GROUP 6 NAMES : Jailey Shelton, Jisela Marroquin, Nallely Moreno, Ethan Moya Part II. Lab Report 1. Investigate Moving Man by having the man move using the sliders. Use the playback features to look at the graphs. While you make observations talk about the reasons the graphs look the way they do. As I was playing around with the charts seeing how the walking man would react, I made a couple observations in doing so. My first attempt was putting his position at 8, velocity at – 2.3, and his acceleration at 0.5. Being that I put his velocity at a negative, I wanted him to go towards the tree, making him move to the left. When I started the simulator, she had a pretty quick start to his walk, as the same showed on the charts, until the chart for his acceleration stayed neutral. Then his velocity started to increase, and his position started to decrease, until he was becoming to a stop halfway towards the direction, I had set him, he then paused for a second, and turned back around to the house. By that time his position then started increasing and his velocity was increasing too. Now his acceleration had a second drop at 10.00 seconds, then went back to being in the neutral road. I also observed that when the number input is a negative the man moves towards the left. 2. Make a chart like the one below on your own paper. Without using Moving Man , sketch what you think the graphs would look like for the following scenario and explain your reasoning. Scenario: The man starts at the tree and moves toward the house with constant velocity Position - time graph Explain your reasoning for the graph’s appearance The position graph has a positive slope because the position of the tree is – 8 and the position of the house is 8. The man moving toward the house shows how it moves from under the origin, to passing it, to going above it. Velocity - time graph Explain your reasoning for the graph’s appearance The velocity graph shows a straight horizontal line right above the origin. Since there is no acceleration the velocity line will continue to be parallel to the x- axis.

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