PSY 540 Final Project Rough Draft (1)

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1 Final Project: Alzheimer’s and Mental Health Kathleen Stokes Department of Psychology PSY-540-X3237 Cognitive Processes Dr. Samina Salahuddin April 7, 2024

2 Problem Statement Contemporary Problem A contemporary problem relating to memory and mental health is the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia as worldwide populations continue to age. This poses significant challenges for healthcare systems, caregivers, and the individuals affected by these conditions. Additionally, stigmas surrounding mental health issues, including memory-related disorders, can hinder early detection and appropriate care. Selected Area After careful consideration, I have decided that my topic of interest is memory with an applied setting of mental health. I have had two grandparents pass away after suffering from dementia and have another who is in the early stages which has made me want to learn as much as possible about the disorder and how we can help. Performance Issues and Limitations As Alzheimer’s rates rise with aging populations, there is a growing strain on healthcare systems and resources. Providing adequate support and care for affected individuals becomes increasingly challenging. Financial and emotional burdens on caregivers can be overwhelming as well which contributes to mental health issues such as stress and burnout. The limits of the human cognitive system become especially evident in the face of Alzheimer’s. Despite advances in understanding and treating the disease, there is still no cure, highlighting the complexities of memory and cognition. Our cognitive abilities inevitable decline with age, underscoring the importance of early detection, preventative measures, and

3 ongoing research to mitigate the impact of Alzheimer’s and related conditions on mental health. Potential Improvements What interventions, such as cognitive training or pharmaceuticals, show the most promise in slowing or preventing cognitive decline in aging societies? Contemporary Relevance Utility of Theories Shared identity theory offers insights into the problems and performance issues related to Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive challenges. This theory suggests that individuals derive their identity from social groups they belong to such as families or caregivers. In the context of Alzheimer’s, maintaining a shared identity within these groups becomes increasingly difficult as cognitive function continues to decline. This loss of shared identity can lead to feelings of isolation, diminished self-esteem, and other mental health concerns. Strengths of shared identity theory in understanding these problems lie in its emphasis on social connections and support systems. By recognizing the importance of maintain a sense of belonging and identity with social groups, interventions can be designed to promote engagement and support for individuals with cognitive impairments. However, shared identity theory has its limitations as well. It may oversimplify the complexities of individual experiences and the impact of cognitive decline on identity formation. Additionally, while social support is crucial, it may not fully address the multifaced challenges faced by individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. Moreover, shared identity theory may not adequately account for cultural or personal variations in the significance of social

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4 connections. Despite these limitations, shared identity theory provides valuable insights into the social dimensions of cognitive challenges and highlights the importance of addressing these issues within a supportive social framework. Another theory relevant is object relations theory. Object relations theory provides a psychological framework to understand the problems and performance issues associate with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive challenges. This theory emphasizes the significance of early relationships and how they shape an individual’s perceptions, emotions, and behaviors throughout life. IN the context of Alzheimer’s, disruptions in object relations, specifically the ability to maintain meaningful connections with others, can contribute to emotional distress, confusions, and other mental health challenges such as behavioral changes. Strengths of object relations theory in understanding these issues lie in its focus on the interpersonal dynamics and emotional bonds that underpin human functioning. By recognizing the impact of past relationships on current experiences, interventions can be tailored to address emotional needs and promote a sense of security and connection for individuals with Alzheimer’s. However, the theory has its own limitations. It may not fully account for the biological factors underlying cognitive decline or the unique challenges faced by individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. Additionally, object relations theory’s emphasis on early childhood experiences may overlook the importance of ongoing relationships and social support in later life. Moreover, the theory’s psychodynamic approach may not resonate with all individuals or adequately address the practical aspects of caregiving. Despite the limitations, object relations theory offers valuable insights into the emotional dimensions of Alzheimer’s and highlights the importance of addressing relational needs within a supportive care environment. Integrating this theory with other approaches can

5 provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges faced by individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. Apply In addressing the real-world issues specific to my contemporary issue of increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s and dementia as populations continue to age. The shared identity theory offers the greatest utility for practitioners. This theory emphasizes the importance of social connections, group belongingness, and identity formation in shaping individual behavior and well-being. As the prevalence of Alzheimer’s and dementia rises, maintaining social connections becomes increasingly crucial for individuals affected by these conditions. Interpretation of Research Findings Question As populations continue to age, how can mental health professionals support individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers? Support My first article provides a study analysis that examined the burden and psychological well-being of caregivers cohabiting with their demented loved one versus those not living together. The study showed that caregivers who live together with the care recipient showed greater burden and poorer psychological well-being than those who were not cohabiting. This study provides valuable insight to the mental health of caregivers. As I look for strategies to improve the mental health of caregivers it will be vital to consider the living arrangements. (Brini, et. al, 2022).

6 Additionally, I found an article from the Journal of Education and Health Promotion that provides insight to a study that was conducted to determine the stress levels of dementia caregivers. Through this study it was determined that all participants, formal and informal, were experiencing stress. Stress levels correlated directly to the caregivers age with female caregivers showing the highest level. Due to this, caregivers need extra support to maintain or promote their own mental health. (Zahed et. al, 2020). Although none of the research seems to aim directly at the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s and dementia, the results are applicable. The biggest limitation in my research is the lack of information relevant to the increase. I do not believe that these limitations will be of relevance for my proposal at this time. Methodological Principles Strategies and Techniques One socially responsible strategy for improving human cognitive processes specific to Alzheimer’s and mental health is through community-based cognitive stimulation programs. These programs involve engaging activities designed to stimulate cognitive function in a supportive group setting which would be beneficial as mentioned in shared identity theory. The best way to implement this solution responsibly is for practitioners to ensure that the activities are tailored to the needs and abilities of individuals with Alzheimer’s, avoiding tasks that may be overly challenging or cause frustration. Additionally, activities should be conducted in a safe and supportive environment, with trained facilitators who can provide guidance and encouragement.

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7 Another strategy is promoting social interaction and support networks. Encouraging regular socialization can help combat feelings of isolation and depression, which are common among individuals with Alzheimer’s. This could involve organizing social events, support groups, or community outings where participants can connect with others facing similar challenges. Furthermore, incorporating technology-based interventions can provide additional support for cognitive health. Apps and online platforms can offer cognitive training exercises, memory games, and virtual socialization opportunities, allowing individuals to engage in cognitive stimulation from the comfort of their own homes. Overall, implementing these strategies in a socially responsible manner involves prioritizing the well-being and dignity of individuals with Alzheimer’s and mental health challenges. Activities should be designed to enhance cognitive function and promote social connection while minimizing any potential risks or adverse effects. Additionally, ongoing evaluation and feedback from participants can help ensure that interventions remain effective and responsive to their needs. Implications Using strategies such as community-based cognitive stimulation programs, promoting social interaction, and incorporating technology-based interventions can have significant implications for mental health, particularly for individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. For individuals with Alzheimer’s, these strategies offer opportunities for cognitive engagement, social connection, and a sense of purpose. Participating in stimulating activities

8 and interacting with others can help maintain cognitive function, improve mood, and enhance overall well-being. Additionally, the sense of belonging and support provided by community programs and social networks can mitigate feelings of isolation and loneliness, which are common among those living with Alzheimer’s. Caregivers also stand to benefit from these interventions. By providing opportunities for respite and support, community-based programs can alleviate caregiver burden and reduce stress. Moreover, fostering social connections among caregivers can create a sense of solidarity and mutual support, enabling them to better cope with the challenges of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s. The use of technology-based interventions can further expand access to cognitive stimulation and social support, particularly for individuals who may face barriers to participation in in-person programs. These tools can empower individuals to take control of the cognitive health and connect with others in virtual spaces. While these changes may be generally well-received, there may be challenges in ensuring equitable access to these interventions, particularly for marginalized communities or individuals with limited resources. Additionally, some individuals may initially be resistant to engaging in new activities or technologies. Sensitivity to individual preferences and needs, along with ongoing education and support, can help overcome these barriers and facilitate acceptance of these changes within the Alzheimer’s and mental health communities. Overall, the implications of using these strategies are profound, offering hope for improved quality of life and support for those affected by Alzheimer’s and mental health challenges. Conclusion

9 Overall, the implementation of these proposed solutions can contribute to the existing body of research by generating empirical evidence on the effectiveness of interventions, elucidating underlying mechanisms, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and promoting community engagement in research efforts aimed at enhancing cognitive health and mental well-being in individuals with Alzheimer’s and related conditions.

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10 References Brini, S., Hodkinson, A., Davies, A., Hirani, S., Gathercole, R., Howard, R., & Newman, S. P. (2022). In-home dementia caregiving is associated with greater psychological burden and poorer mental health than out-of-home caregiving: a cross-sectional study. Aging & Mental Health, 26(4), 709–715. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1080/13607863.2021.1881758 Kasl-Godly, Julia & Gatz, Margaret. Psychosocial interventions for individuals with dementia: An integration of theory, therapy, and a clinical understanding of dementia. Clinical Psychology Review, Volume 20, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 755-782. ISSN 0272-7358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00062-8 . Lang, S. F., Fowers, B. J., & Wang, J. (2023). Exploring shared identity theory as an expanded conceptualization of Alzheimer’s caregiving. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 40(12), 4244–4267. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1177/02654075231204539 Zahed, Shakiba; Emami, Maryam1; Eslami, Ahmad Ali2; Barekatain, Majid1; Hassanzadeh, Akbar3; Zamani-Alavijeh, Fereshteh2,. Stress as a challenge in promoting mental health among dementia caregivers. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 9(1):p 65, | DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_445_19. https://journals.lww.com/jehp/fulltext/2020/09000/stress_as_a_challenge_in_promoting_ mental_health.64.aspx

PSY 540 Final Project Rough Draft (1)

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