LAB 8 Question Sheet answers
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LAB 8: Age Structure Part I
–
Assignment Template This is part 1 of the populations assignment. Part II will be completed next week. Read the Lab Manual Outline for Lab 8 on D2L!! ANSWER IN POINT FORM! Submit this to the Populations Assignment Folder on D2L. Preferably, this will be submitted before you leave lab. The deadline for Part I is November 11
th
. •
Submit this word document with questions completed. This document must include the answers, tables and graphs for full marks! POINT FORM ANSWERS! Dall Mountain Sheep 1.
Using raw data for Dall sheep (Table 1) complete the life table calculations in excel. Paste the table below. Include a caption. Table 1: The life table for cohort of dall sheeps starting at age 0 until the population reach 0 (Insignificant value then) Date of spring census Age in years (x) No. of sheep alive (nx) l
x
(always 1000 at age 0) d
x
m
x
L
x
T
x
e
x
1959 0 302.000 1000.000 198.675 0.199 900.662 7099.338 7.099 1960 1 242 801.325 9.934 0.012 796.358 6198.675 7.736 1961 2 239 791.391 13.245 0.017 784.768 5402.318 6.826 1962 3 235 778.146 9.934 0.013 773.179 4617.550 5.934 1963 4 232 768.212 29.801 0.039 753.311 3844.371 5.004 1964 5 223 738.411 46.358 0.063 715.232 3091.060 4.186 1965 6 209 692.053 46.358 0.067 668.874 2375.828 3.433 1966 7 195 645.695 69.536 0.108 610.927 1706.954 2.644 1967 8 174 576.159 132.450 0.230 509.934 1096.026 1.902 1968 9 134 443.709 188.742 0.425 349.338 586.093 1.321 1969 10 77 254.967 155.629 0.610 177.152 236.755 0.929 1970 11 30 99.338 92.715 0.933 52.980 59.603 0.600 1971 12 2 6.623 3.311 0.500 4.967 6.623 1.000 1972 13 1 3.311 3.311 1.000 1.656 1.656 0.500 1973 14 0 0.000 0.000 #DIV/0! 0.000 0.000 #DIV/0!
2.
What is the life expectancy of Dall sheep at age 5 years (i.e. e
x
)? 738.411 3.
Plot the survivorship curve with the age as the independent variable and # of animals (
l
x
)
as the dependent variable. Use excel with Log scale on the y-axis. Paste the graph directly below. Include a caption. Figure 1: Logarithmic scale of survivorship (y-axis) vs the age of the population of dall sheep on the x-axis (Year)
1.000
10.000
100.000
1000.000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Chart Title
4.
What type of Survivorship Curve is exhibited bybthe Dall sheep? Its type one convex most death at old age a.
Why?
This curve suggests that mortality is low early in life, remains relatively constant during the lifespan of the organism, and then increases sharply at older ages. In the case of Dall sheep, their survival strategy involves protecting their young and ensuring their survival through parental care, resulting in a high probability of survival into old age. b.
What other organisms exhibits this type of Survivorship Curve? Large type of mammals like elephants and human Herring Gulls 1.
Using the life table for Herring gulls (Table 4), determine the following: Age in years (x) No. of Herring l
x
d
x
m
x
L
x
T
x
e
x
0 308 1000 425.3 0.425 787.4 2308.6 2.31 1 177 574.7 185.1 0.322 482.2 1521.3 2.65 2 120 389.6 97.4 0.25 340.9 1039.1 2.67 3 90 292.2 64.9 0.222 259.8 698.2 2.39 4 70 227.3 71.4 0.314 191.6 438.5 1.93 5 48 155.9 61.7 0.395 125.1 246.9 1.58 6 29 94.2 45.5 0.482 71.5 121.8 1.29 7 15 48.7 22.7 0.466 37.4 50.4 1.03 8 8 26 26 1 13 13 0.5 2.
What is the mortality rate of Herring gulls at age 4? 0.314 3.
What is the life expectancy of a Herring gull? About 2.31 years 4.
How many individuals actually died during the age interval 5 to 6? 5 5.
Based on l
x
, how many died during the age interval 5 to 6? Based on the table it is 61.7
6.
Plot the survivorship curve. Paste the graph directly below. Include a caption. Figure 2: Logarithmic scale of survivorship (y-axis) against the age of the population of herring gulls on the x-axis (year).
7.
What type of Survivorship Curve is exhibited by the Herring Gull? Its type 2 straight constant death rate. 1
10
100
1000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lx
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