Antibacterial Effects Of The Chloramphenicol Antibiotic On Escherichia Coli

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

THE EFFECT OF INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF DETTOL ANTISEPTIC LIQUID ON THE GROWTH OF E.COLI

Modern-day advances have allowed scientists to develop methods to control pathogens. The more common methods include the use of antiseptics, antibiotics, and vaccines. By definition, antiseptics are chemicals used to kill pathogens. A few widespread antiseptics include soap, vinegar, and rubbing alcohol. Antiseptics are primarily used for the external destruction of pathogens, while antibiotics and vaccines target internal pathogens. Nevertheless, there are and can be difficulties concerning the use of antibiotics. “As antibiotic use has become more common, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have evolved.” This resistance due to evolution is called antibiotic resistance. It results in the antibiotics having no effect whatsoever on the bacteria, rendering the antibiotics useless. When antibiotic resistance occurs, scientists must resume their search to create a new medicine to can kill the mutant bacteria.

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

Effect of 5-Fluorouracil, Penicillin G and Amphotericin on the growth of Pythium and Micrococcus luteus

Ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin all sulphafurazole all were resistant to the bacteria as it may have grown a mutation.

The purpose of this report is to analyse the growth of the bacteria known as Citrobacter Freundii as well as distinguishing what antibiotics effect its growth. This will be done so by answering the following question after completing its associated experiments. This question includes: what antibiotics are most effective in denaturing the bacteria? It has been predicted that chloramphenicol will be the most effective due to the fact that its medical uses are treating meningitis which is an infection caused by Citrobacter freundii. After conducting the experiments it was found that the chloramphenicol antibiotic was the most effective in denaturing the bacteria, although streptomycin was also affective. However, none of the other antibiotics were able to halt the growth of the bacteria.

Out of the all the antiseptics being used in this investigation the more well known antiseptics such as dettol and sudocrem will be more effective when stopping the growth of bacteria than natural antiseptics like lemon.

E.coli outbreaks have steadily grown over the last few decades. An expansion in big farming has led to E. coli not only being found in meat, but vegetation as well, due to waste runoff. This has increased our need for adequate antibiotics that can fight bacteria, like E. coli. The best way to pinpoint which antibiotics work is by measuring their ability to create antimicrobial agents or zones of inhibition. When a paper disc that has been saturated in an antibiotic is inserted in a solution of E.coli and medium, the zone of inhibition will be noted as the clear ring that forms around the disk. The antibiotics efficacy is then determined by measuring each disk zone of inhibition, and comparing these measurements to the zone measurements of an untreated specimen. If an antibiotic is to be deemed sufficient for treating E. coli it should show a zone of inhibition that is at least double the size of the untreated specimen.

Similarly, the recipient E. Coli bacteria is resistant to nalidixic acid, and would be able to grow on a Nal plate, but not on the Cm plate. By plating the recipient bacteria on chloramphenicol, we can ensure that the sample was purely recipient if there is no growth.

Antibiotics have played an essential role in the fight against diseases and infections since the 1940’s. Antibiotics are a leading cause for the rise of global average life expectancy in the 20th and 21st century. They have greatly reduced illnesses and deaths due to diseases. With the introductions of antibiotics in the 1940’s, like penicillin into clinical practice, formally deadly illnesses became immediately curable and saved thousands of lives (Yim 2006). Antibiotic use has been beneficial and when prescribed and taken correctly their effects on patients are exceedingly valuable. However, because these drugs have been used so widely and for such a long period of time the bacteria that the antibiotics are designed to kill have adapted,

It also helps with the prevention of PCP in HIV-positive patients, but should be used cautiously due to the incidence of adverse reactions. This drug is also active against many strains of gram-positive pathogens including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Nocardia, Enterococcus. It also has activity against many gram-negative pathogens, such as: Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant

Antibiotics are important for the treatment of bacterial infections, and it is therefore important to know how different antibiotic works in different contexts. Different kinds of bacteria are affected to different degrees by different antibiotics, and it may therefore be useful to know which antibiotic that attacks the bacteria. The purpose of this report is to analyze how antibiotics including Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin affect the growth rate of bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Which antibiotic is the most effective or least effective in inhibiting the growth rate of these two bacteria respectively?

The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment

Gram negative bacterial antibiotics that consist of amino sugars in glycosidic linkage are referred to as aminoglycosides. Of the many gram negative bacterial antibiotics, Kanamycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. Its mode of action consists of binding to the small subunit (30S) of the ribosomes in prokaryotes. Although much research is still underway about Kanamycin, this study and looks to confirm the elementary principles of Kanamycin and its effects on Escherichia coli DH5a. Since Kanamycin is concentration dependent it is relatively simple to measure bacterial growth on a variety of media. Concentrations used ranged from 0.019µg/ml to 160µg/ml across ten plates. We had two controls, one with no antibiotic on it to ensure that the bacteria was growing and the other with no E.coli to ensure that the antibiotic was not contaminated. The stock concentration of kanamycin was supplied by San Jose State Biology Department. Previous studies have shown that Kanamycin’s minimum inhibitory concentration against E.coli is 5µg/ml. Here, we show that the minimum inhibitory concentration of Kanamycin for our bacterial cultures was 20µg/ml. No bacteria were observed on plates with higher concentrations.