Aspirin Lab

Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in

Aspirin Recrysalization Data Table Actual Mass (g) 0.41 Actual MP (ºC) 123-125 Expected Mass (g) 0.533 Expected MP (ºC) 135 Percent Recovery 77% Percent Error 8%

Both Aspirin and the Unknown are soluble in dichloromethane, due to their non-polar characteristics. To separate the two components, sodium bicarbonate was added (see figure 3). Sodium bicarbonate reacted with aspirin and converted it to a salt, also forming water and carbon dioxide. It was observed that the solution "fizzed" when this reaction took place, showing the release of carbon dioxide. The newly formed salt then traveled to an aqueous layer where it was soluble, while the unknown remained in the dichloromethane layer. The two layers were then separated. To collect an aspirin solid, the combination of the addition of HCl and the process of vacuum filtration helped to break down the salt and form a solid. Then the solid was placed in the Fisher Scientific Biotemp Oven to dry it to a constant mass of 0.091 g, 32.97% of the total composition. The

Separation and Purification of the Components of an Analgesic Tablet. Cora Bruno, Lab Section E. Aspirin, Caffeine and Acetaminophen were separated from four analgesic tablets of Excedrin using extraction techniques. 5% wt/vol NaHCO3, 4M HCL, ethyl acetate and deionized water were used to separate the three active components. MgSO4 was used to dry each extraction. Aspirin was isolated using a hot water bath and weighed to determine the percent theoretical recovery and the actual percent recovery of aspirin. After separation, Aspirin (ASA), Caffeine (CAF), and Acetaminophen (ACE) were purified and identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Standards and purified ASA, CAF, and ACE were spotted on the silica gel (stationary phase) of the

Aspirin is one of the most consumed painkillers created up to this date due to its reliability and low expense. It is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Due to its wide range of uses, the demand for this pharmaceutical is very high. As a result, manufacturers who produce this drug must be efficient in order to reduce the time taken to produce this drug and produce the in very high quantities.

Acetaminophen has been used for decades. In 1947 it was able to be bought by prescription only. Then in the 1960s it was then changed to be bought over the counter. It is one of the most commonly used analgesic-antipyretic medication for pediatrics and adults. The chemical name is N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP). There is more than 200 over the counter medications, prescriptions that has acetaminophen listed as the primary drug. According to the American Association of Poison Control Center, acetaminophen is the most common pharmaceutical that has intentional and unintentional poisoning and toxicity. The most common of NSAIDs is aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), it was put into modern medicine in 1899. Ibuprofen also known as Advil or Motrin, a

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic drug used in over-the-counter and prescription medication (Raucy, Judy L.. Lasker, Jerome M.. Lieber, Charles S.. Black, Martin. 2004). The most common name associated with over-the-counter acetaminophen is the brand Tylenol, which many people use for pain relief and as a fever reducer. Prescription acetaminophen may be recognized as Percocet or Vicodin. This important drug is generally considered safe when used according to the directions provided on its labeling or according to a physician (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2015). If acetaminophen is not taken following the instructions, anything from acute liver damage to death can occur.

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of

Effects of commercial antacids on excess amounts of hydrochloric acid in the stomach Gilliam, M., Morton, D., Osornio Padron, J., Simmons, A., Bahle, T. Lab Section Wednesday: 08/31/16 Introduction: If there is a high amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and an antacid is consumed, the antacid will absorb excess acid in the stomach. This reduction of hydrochloric acid is absorbed by antacids that neutralize stomach acid (Vodopich). The purpose of this experiment is to determine how commercial antacids perform in absorbing acids. The hypothesis is that the antacid in Tums will reduce the amount of hydrochloric acid inside the stomach.

The over the counter medication once known only for its ability of easing aches and pains or fighting off fever and inflammation is proving itself to be quite the miracle drug. Aspirin has become part of the protocol for stroke victims as a preventative measure due to its neuro-protective benefits. Stroke can cause lesions in cerebral white matter, which may result in cognitive impairments such as deficits in learning and memory. White matter lesions (WML) have also been linked to increasing the risk of post-stroke dementia. Cerebral white matter damage has been widely overlooked. Comprised of oligodendrocytes that form the insulating myelin in the CNS, white matter is evidentially just as vulnerable to ischemia as gray matter.

Over the counter pain medications are analgesics that can temporarily relieve fever, pain, and inflammation. The three most common active ingredients found in analgesics are ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and acetaminophen. ASA can cause liver and brain disease if taken by children under 19 years old. Acetaminophen helps with fever and pain but has no effect on inflammation. The active ingredients in analgesics will dissolve (especially in isopropyl alcohol), but the inactive chemicals are insoluble. When a tablet is stirred in isopropyl alcohol, the remains that don’t dissolve are the inactive ingredients. The main purpose of this lab is to physically separate a mixture based on solubility, using gravimetric filtration.

Drug A: After the cells are exposed to drug A, an increase in the amount of cyclic AMP is seen on the diagram. Since A increased the amount of cAMP above the basal level, A is an agonist. In this particular experiment, we do not see an agonist that leads to a higher increase in activity; we can thus assume that A is a full agonist.

Accuracy and Precision were obtained by measuring the concentration of three variations of a simulated sample created by mixing SV, ASP and SAC then dissolved in a solvent mixture of methanol: water (60: 40). Simvastatin's concentration were (0.6; 1; 1.5 μg/ml), whereas the Aspartame's and Saccharin's concentrations were fixed at 0.5 and 0.3μg/ml. Each variation concentration was measured on SV wavelength measurement respectively in six times and then calculated %recovery and relative standard deviation %RSD. Intraday and interday precision were obtained from the determination of the SV in co-crystal form with claimed concentration 0.8 μg/ml in two

Pain medications can sometimes be harmful to a mother and her baby during pregnancy and delivery. Most doctors recommend not taking any medications during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It is not very realistic to expect every woman to go through nine months without taking any kind of medication. Fortunately, there are many safe medications to keep pain to a minimum. When it comes to over the counter pain relievers, acetaminophen, mainly known as Tylenol seems to be the one that doctors recommend most. As long as the correct dose is taken, this is a safe option for a headache or fever. One over the counter medication that should never be taken during pregnancy is ibuprofen. If ibuprofen is taken during the first trimester, it can increase

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