Chromatography Lab Repot

If you put too much of a sample on your chromatography paper, you could possibly have that color bleed into the color next to it, which would mess up your results. If you put too little of a sample on the paper, your color

There are multiple items and steps to fully complete the experiment. My materials include the following: Graph paper, 200 regular Popsicle sticks, wire cutters, wood glue, 100 cotton swabs, 72 medium and small binder clips, one-half inch width clear tape, masking tape, gram balance, loading block

We put 2 milliliters into the test tube and place the filter paper within the test tube, only allowing the tip portion of the filter paper to rest in the solvent. After waiting about 2-3 minutes, we removed the filter paper and made a line that marks the solvent front. Then we observe the filter paper and measure the distance that the pigment traveled from its original position to the solvent front.

Paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. There are different types of chromatography but they are all based on the same principal. Paper chromatography is an analytical method that is used to separate colored chemicals or substances, especially pigments. They all have a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The moving substance is called the mobile phase while the stationary phase stays put. The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it. The stationary phase is motionless and is the actual medium that performs the separation. Ninhydren reacts with amino acids to give colored compounds and detect the location of the amino acids. This is used because amino acids are colorless. Different components travel at different rates. Each one undergoes adsorption in a slightly different way and spends more or less time in either the solid or the liquid phase. Components of the samples will separate readily according to how strongly they absorb on the stationary phase vs. how readily they dissolve in the mobile phase.

Chromatography works on the basis that different molecules have different polarities. By allowing molecules to travel through a polar surface, it is not surprising that molecules will different polarities will travel a different amount. The substance, or stationary phase, that the molecules will be traveling through in this experiment was water. The water was bonded to the paper via hydrogen bonding, so it appears as if the paper acts as the stationary phase^3.

In this investigation, we are trying to find how far each of the dye traveled on the chromatography paper. In the solvent with the blue dye, the solvent traveled 97mm and the blue dye traveled 81mm. In the solvent with the yellow dye, the solvent traveled 97mm and the yellow dye traveled 70mm. The percent error of the solvent front is 5.8%. The percent error of the distance traveled by the blue dye is 16%. The percent error of the distance traveled by the yellow dye is 26%. The percent error of the retardation factor of the blue dye is 11%.

The “like dissolves like” expression also applies to the reason why pigments travel further up the chromatography paper. The chromatography paper pulls the solvent of acetone up the paper by capillary action, then the mixture of pigments is dissolved as the solvent of acetone moves over it. The different components travel upwards at different rates, which can result some compounds with greater solubility to travel farther than compounds with less solubility. Finally, the pigments with greater solubility show color streaks on the chromatography paper.

Both table 1.1 and 1.2 show how far the solvent front migrated up the TLC plate and how far the spots for each sample moved. From this information, the Rf value was calculated by dividing the distance moved by the spot by the distance migrated by the solvent. For example, for unknown X, the distance moved by the spot was 36mm and the solvent front migrated by a total of 61mm across the TLC plate. Thus Rf value is, 36/61 = 0.59. The same method of calculation was used to work out the remaining Rf values.

There are multiple reasons that the solvent front should not reach the top of the chromatography paper. If the solvent and therefore the compounds reach the top of the paper, then the compounds will begin to diffuse at the top of the paper because the solvent has nowhere else to go and gathers at the top of the paper. The diffusion of the compounds could, in theory,

The main type of chromatography process is paper chromatography. Paper chromatography process was what we used for/during this lab. Paper chromatography is used to separate the components of ink, dyes, plant compounds (chlorophyll), make-up, and other substances. The other chromatography processes include: Liquid, Thin-Layer, and Gas. Liquid chromatography is used for identifying unknown plant pigments and other compounds.

The “E” solution ended up having the most spots because it was the pigment fragments. The Rf values could be calculated for all of the spots by taking the distance traveled by the spot and dividing it by the total distance traveled by the solvent front. The calculations are as shown:

Chromatography paper is used to separate mixtures and substances into different groups. In paper chromatography a mixture is dissolved and moves with water up a piece of paper. This mixture separates because the different colors(components) move up the paper at different speeds. You use chromatography paper to find different dyes in pens like a sharpie or a marker.

In this lab, paper chromatography will be used to separate the components of known and unknown mixtures and then used to identify those components. Paper chromatography is a technique where a drop of solution containing a mixture is placed on a piece of filter paper. One end of the filter paper is then placed into a liquid solvent. The mixture will separate into its different components as the solvent moves up the filter paper. The filter paper is known as the stationary phase. The solvent is known as the mobile phase because it uses capillary action to move up the paper. The mixture will be separated into its different components because each component will have a unique chemical affinity for the paper and for the solvent. Theses affinities

In this experiment the objective was to analyze different compounds that moved through the Vernier Mini GC. With the assistance of a Vernier Mini GC, retention time at various temperatures could be observed. When a compound is put through the Vernier Mini GC, compounds that were more complex (non-polar, high boiling point, and molecular weight) had an extended retention time compared to simple compounds. Retention time is the time it takes for a compound to exit the column after being injected. This experiment, the retention time of different compounds were observed. Prior to completing the experiment, a hypothesis was constructed as regards to how structure affects retention time. The first part of experiment hypothesis is if the molecular

The following procedure dealt with a chromatogram. The materials needed are: a pencil, safety goggles, scissors, chromatography paper strip, capillary tube, spinach plant pigment extract, test tube, cork stopper, graduated cylinder, chromatography solvent (alternative isopropyl alcohol), metric ruler, stopwatch or clock with a secondhand, hook/fashioned paperclip, paper towels, test tube rack, and mortar and pestle. First we obtained a strip of chromatography paper and cut it so it would fit inside a test tube (with it barely touching the bottom of the tube). Also, when touching the strip, touch the sides only. Then we attached (firmly) the top of the strip to a hook (or fashioned paperclip at bottom of the cork stopper). Make sure it fits in the test tube. Next we used the pencil to draw a faint line across the strip two centimeters from the bottom tip of the strip. We placed the cork and strip in place, and we put a mark on the test tube one centimeter below the top of the stopper.