Diabetes Case Study

This experiment was performed to determine the glucose concentration in selected drinks, Coke and Gatorade. Absorbance readings were measured providing us with values to then calculate the glucose concentration, these values were then compared with theoretical values. Results that were obtained from the experiment fell short of the theoretical values which resulted from human error.

A group of 11 mice was given water, and another group of 10 mice was supplied with diluted black coffee (coffee:water 1:1) as drinking fluids for five weeks. The composition of the diets and living conditions were similar for both groups of mice. Blood glucose was monitored weekly for all mice. After five weeks, there was no change in average body weight between groups. Results indicated that blood glucose concentrations increased significantly in the mice that drank water compared with those that were supplied with coffee. Finally, blood glucose concentration in the coffee group exhibited a 30 percent decrease compared with that in the water group.

Experiment 2: Male and female subjects with long-term (6 months) HFCS access. 150 male and 150 female subjects with comparable BMI levels, daily activity levels and daily medications/vitamins are assigned the same standard diet to follow for a 6 month period. Subjects understand they are to refrain from signicant lifestyle changes during the period of study (includingbut not limited to pregnancy, other diets, exercise regime, new medications/vitamins, etc.). In addition to this standard diet the subjects are instructed to consume either a low level (Level 1) of HFCS each day in the form of a solution, a higher level (Level 2) of HFCS each day in the form of a solution, a low level (Level 1) of sucrose in the form of a solution, or no additions (no HFCS or sucrose). Water consumption is at subject’s discretion. HFCS and sucrose levels are measured daily and body weight is measured weekly. At the end of 6 months on this specied standard diet and HFCS/sucrose intake, blood samples are taken and examined for triglyceridesand insulin, and an updated BMI index is calculated.Data from all groups will be compared using ANOVAs or repeated measures

The purpose of this experiment is to find out how the intake of synthetic sugar may have an effect on both resting and active heart rate. This should allow an understanding of the effects sugar can have on the body as well as providing insight concerning the negativity towards excessive portions of this particular substance.

and Ferrannini, E., 2000 pp. 1368). Research Question and Hypothesis The investigators did not develop a hypothesis, but wanted to answer a specific question. They wanted to know the effect of obesity and diabetes on gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose output. Sampling The sample population for the study was a purposive sample obtained from a diabetes clinic and an obesity clinic. Because the investigators had a population characteristic in mind for the research, purposive sampling was an effective means by which to obtain participants. The researchers studied a group of 55 participants that included both men and women. Of the sample population, 40 were considered obese and 15 were considered a healthy weight. Obesity was defined as a BMI greater or equal to 27. Twenty-eight of the obese participants were also diabetic and nine of the healthy weight participants were diabetic. The author of the article stated that the participants gave written informed consent and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.

glucose, and/or insulin resistance, the incapability of cells to utilize the hormone in digestion. In this experiment the blood glucose was tested against diabetics and non-diabetics at different times after each group has ate. An expectation that should be seen is the diabetics should have a higher absorbance level because of the fact that they take longer to break down their food and that the glucose that is broken down takes longer to leave the bloodstream.

Also the diabetic would reach the maximum blood glucose level quicker because they could not break down the glucose in the food as quick as the non-diabetic could. As seen in figure 1 it is clear that a person with diabetics has almost double the absorbance level compared to the non-diabetics. The data in figure 1 shows the absorbance over time for diabetics and non-diabetics. Looking deeper into the meaning of why the absorbance is higher in the diabetic people it is known to be because of the buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. This buildup leads to less glucose being able to pass through and thus taking the diabetic longer to get back to the pre-meal value. The effects of T2D can lead to this buildup and cause cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, and death. Diabetes still not be taken lightly for this very reason. Unlike T2D patients type 1 diabetics(T1D) are at a greater risk because their body does not produce insulin at all, thus making it harder to maintain and regulate. T1D’s are always having to check

Various organizations have defined prediabetes with criteria that are not uniform. According to World Health Organization (WHO), high risk of diabetes is related to two specifically defined states, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 6.1-6.9 mmol/L (110-125 mg/dL) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) defined as postload plasma glucose of 7.8-11.0 mmol/L (140-200 mg/dL) based on a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or a combination of the two (1). The American Diabetes Association (ADA), on the other hand has the same cut-off value for IGT (140-200 mg/dL) but has a lower cut-off value for IFG (100-125 mg/dL) and has additional hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) based criteria of a level of 5.7-6.4% (2). Several studies have shown poor correlation between HbA1c and IFG and IGT (3-5). The usefulness of diagnosis diabetes or pre-diabetes on basis of IFG and IGT have been challenged due to inability of these blood glucose cut points to capture pathology related to diabetes and probability of developing diabetes in future (6). These cut-offs further loose their credibility due to poor reproducibility of these tests in

Q1. Compare the incidents of diabetes within each region of the U.S. for the past year and identify which state has the highest burden of this disease.

Supported by the evidences above. ERRORS During the experiment a group doing the 10% experiment had split their glucose into the water when trying to fasten the bag. This had effected the average glucose level for the 10%. This is supported by the Random Possible random errors that occurred are timing of recording of data is not consistent.

The food that affects blood sugar are called carbohydrate. Once digesting carbohydrates convert to glucose. Foods that convert into glucose are bread,rice,pasta,potatoes,corn and milk products. If diabetics eat carbohydrates, must do so in moderation. Insulin is needed when the glucose transfers from blood into cells. Insulin is made by the beta cell in the pancreas, which produces insulin. Diabetes starts when the pancreas fails to make sufficient quantities of insulin. Type 1 diabetes cannot move glucose into cells. Type 2 diabetes doesn't produce sufficient quantities of insulin or can't move glucose into cells. There is two types of diabetes type 1 and type 2. Type 1 happens more common in children and young adults. It also can become more genetic,but has yet been proven. Type 2 diabetes affects adults more. It also however has begun to developed in children. Type 2 also has a connection with obesity. Wellness Foundation says that" fasting blood sugar normally is 80-90 mg/dl, diabetes 126 mg/dl and above. Random blood sugar normally 80-139 mg/dl, diabetes 200 mg/dl and above. 2 hours glucose tolerance test normally 80-139 mg/dl, diabetes 200 mg/dl and above". (http://www.diabeteswellness.net/Portals/0/files/DRWFUSdiabetes.pdf). This is important to know because people need to know how high their blood pressure is. They could be in the risk of having diabetes and not knowing it. Having symptoms of diabetes are same what notice able depending on the type

Although, we found that low dose aspirin had no effect observed on the regulation of glucose metabolism, because there were no significance between subgroups (e.g., HFD vs HFDA) but significance can be observed between control diet and a high fat diet as shown by OGTT curve, and it seems the difference is not due to treatment with aspirin but as a result of feeding regimes (fig. 2a). Meanwhile, Area under curve indicated that AUC is significantly higher in HFD when compared to HFDA (P ≤ 0.001), while group treated with the control diet (CD) show less significance to group treated with control diet and low dose aspirin (CDA) (P ≤ 0.01) as shown in figure 2b. Serum insulin level was higher in the HFD group when compared to the HFDA group (P≤ 0.0040) and lower in CDA when compared to control group without Aspirin (P≤ 0.0015) (c.c. Figure 2c).

This study will require the use of sterile urine collection cups and Mission Urinalysis Reagent Strips for glucose measurement. Participants will be taking heart rate by palpating the carotid artery for 15 seconds and multiplying by 4. For this study, the

For centuries, the high consumption of sugar has been known to have negative health effects on people of all ages. Independent of its caloric content and impact on weight, sugar is arguably the major cause of many chronic illnesses that develop among individuals. According to a study primarily conducted by Robert Lustig and Jean-Marc Schwarz, the reduction of sugar for even a small interval of time can notably improve metabolism. The subjects of the study included 43 Latino and African American kids who also possessed another comorbidity that may have arisen as a result of living a sedentary life or consuming a poor diet. For a span of 9 days, these habitual sugar consumers were given preselected meals which still consisted of processed

Glucose – why we need it and why it shouldn’t get too high or too low