has been named as a toxic gas since its discovery in 1713, and only in the late 80’s of the past century scientist and researchers were capable to determine quantities of endogenous H2S in animals brain [1-3]. Yet recent; number of fundamental investigations were able to illustrate the physiochemical properties of the H2S as a reducing agent and nucleophile, which affords its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another essential field of research addressed cytoprotective properties
significant elevation in serum levels of urea and creatinine which reflects a marked impairment of the kidney function. Such results were reported by the previous studies [35], which documented that serum levels of urea and creatinine are good markers of nephrons functional capacity. However, the serum level of creatinine is a more indicative than the urea concentration in the first phases of kidney disease, while the level of urea begins to increase only after the parenchyma tissue injury [36]. The
protein. DPP4 is a type II glycoprotein involved in the cleavage of dipeptides and the degradation of incretins, and is expressed on a variety of tissues throughout the body, including the lungs, kidney, and various cells of the immune system. The fact that DPP4 is relatively conserved between mammalian species supports the hypothesis that MERS-CoV has a broad tropism, and in vitro studies using a variety of different primary and immortalized cell lines confirmed this hypothesis. A majority of cell
involvement is massive and lipid metabolism is affected. The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of the Niemann-Pick disease cells is thought to arise from the degradation of cells and their organelles since it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes, the myelin sheath and the erythrocyte stroma. In Niemann-Pick type C, the main lipid accumulated in patients cells is not sphingomyelin but cholesterol, however, there is a close relationship between sphingomyelin metabolism and cholesterol
paper chromatography Examining slides of transverse sections of C3 and C4 leaves Use of yeast in respiratory experiment Dissection of the mammalian digestive system Dissection of the mammalian respiratory system Examining slides of transverse sections of vein, artery and capillary Dissection of the mammalian circulatory system Examining slides of liver and kidney Examining slides of Spirogyra, Funaria, Marchantia, Dryopteris and Pinus Investigating the structure of flowers, Angiospermatophyta (one
determine its internal structure and as an aid to discerning the functions and relationships of its components” (Dissection). The term is most often used concerning the dissection of plants and animals, including humans. Comparative anatomy is the investigation of similitudes and contrasts in the life structures of various species. It is firmly identified with transformative science and phylogeny. Comparative anatomy has gradually and long been utilized as evidence for evolution; it indicates that various
the intestine and urogenital tract where they are constitutively secreted by paneth and epithelial cells respectively4. β-defensins are expressed by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces such as the lung, salivary glands, intestine, pancreas and kidney. β- defensin-1 is constitutively expressed however β-defensin-2, -3 are inducible following bacterial modulation (LPS) or pro-inflammatory signals (TNFα or IL-1β)5. Defensins are produced as an inactive pro-form that require metalloprotease (MMP)
consequences of fraud, the current global trends in total milk production and consumption are reviewed, along with the importance of milk in the human diet. 2. Global trends in total milk production and consumption The milk composition of different mammalian species has been extensively studied worldwide, thus many publications are available especially in relation to milk consumed by humans (Claeys and other 2014). Milk is nutritionally important as it encompasses all of the macro- and micro-nutrients
general public is a target audience is targeting the public audience and preaching to convert. Aysun Kılıc, Turan Akay. (2007) A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46. Pg1164-1170 Peer Reviewed Journal The study was carried out across three generations of female Wistar Albino rats divided into three groups, with the third being fed a diet of BT transgenic corn. The lead author
to have many clinically relevant properties. For instance, EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to provide cardioprotection after injury in mice (Lai et al. 2010) and prevent apoptosis and stimulate proliferation in rat kidney cells (Gatti et al. 2011). While murine embryonic stem (ES) cells have been shown to secrete EVs capable of reprograming hematopoietic progenitors (Ratajczak et al. 2006). Furthermore, EVs have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB),