Organic Chemistry Assignment : Organic Chemical Compounds

* Many of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons – they contain only hydrogen and carbon.

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

Your Response: D 18. An element that contains ten protons and ten electrons is likely to A. form covalent bonds with another element. B. form ionic bonds with another element. C. be chemically inert (stable). D.

An element or compound’s reactivity is its ability or capacity to react, or bond, with another substance. As you continue through this course, you will observe and compare this particular chemical property in a variety of scenarios.

The formula of the simplest possible compound containing only C and I atoms is CI4.

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

A) They feature carbon atoms which are covalently bonded to hydrogen (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.63).

An example of an organic compound can be any substance of solid liquid or gas.

This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.

Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly, the melting point had to be determined. Since melting point can be determined to an almost exact degree, finding a close melting point of the specific unknown can accurately point to the identification of the acid. In this case the best melting point

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

At almost the same point in time, Kekule in Germany, and Couper of Scotland suggested that atoms in molecules are fused together by bonds. Their theory was that every atom is distinguished by having the same number of bond availability or valence number, where ever that particular atom appears in any compound. The main notability of organic compounds is having strong carbon to carbon bonds. This was recognized in the theory, and was used to help understand large molecules, possessing many bonded carbon atoms. Carbon is the cement that holds their molecules together. So far, this theory has gone through rigorous testing, and has not been proven inadequate to this day, as of now it is a law.

Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic information from one cell to the other.

Various materials are available that transport either electrons or holes. This distinction does not rely on the actual ability of materials to transport charges ( ie. On the actual value of charge mobility). But rather reflects the ease of charge injection from electrodes traditionally used in devices. In that context, a material is often referred to as a hole [electron] transporter when its ionization energy [electron affinity] closely matches the Fermi level of the electrode material. Materials that transport both electrons and holes are also available nowadays these materials are called ambipolar transport materials.[2]