Pathogenesis Of Asthma

2. Vitamin D- A group of steroids; resistant to heat, oxidation, acids, and bases; stored in liver, skin, brain, spleen, and bones. Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorous; promotes development of teeth and bones. Sources: produces in skin exposed to ultraviolet light; in milk; egg yolk; fish liver oils; fortified foods. Excess: Diarrhea calcification of soft tissues, renal damage. Deficienceis: Rickets,bone decalcification and weakening.

Vitamin D plays a critical role in many normal bodily functions as well as fighting against a wide number of health barriers. In an article by Jacqueline Kanopa, studies revealed that exposure to ultraviolet rays play a huge part in Vitamin D production, as well as having preventative effects on a disorder known as rickets; which leads to weakened bones due to lack of Vitamin D. This study supports the belief that exposure to UV rays play a critical role in Vitamin D production, and can be beneficial to those prone to certain

Vitamin A and D have showed unexpected and crucial effects on immune system. Vitamin A includes innate immune towards microbial infection, absence of vitamin A can increase the chance of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection. Also excessive intake of vitamin A Is associated with toxicity, including blocked hematopoiesis, mitogen-induced T-cell spread, antigen-specific antibody production, and an increased susceptibility to infectious organisms. Vitamin A is also given by Retinoid supplement to treat the skin effects of T-cell lymphoma. Vitamin C also known as Ascorbic Acid also contribute in innate immunity system, Vitamin C works during infection to prevent oxidative damage. Lower concentration of vitamin C in leukocyte is related to reduce immune response in humans. It has been proven that Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Iron chelators such as desferrioxamine inhibit the activity of phagocyte oxidase and reduce reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent killing of bacterial pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, Zinc is a dietary trace mineral that is responsible for growth and development, and it is essential for the function of cells of the immune system. It increased susceptibility to

According to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), one out of ten children have asthma in the United States (2016). “Asthma is the leading chronic disease in children, it is also the top reason for missed school days.” (AAFA, 2016, para 3). Asthma is described as the inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs. The narrowing of the bronchi makes it difficult to breath, due to the inflammation; a wheezing sound might be heard during an acute asthma attack. Bronchi are small branches in the lungs that helps deliver air or oxygen into the lungs when inhaled, and helps remove carbon dioxide out of the body during expiration. Learning the anatomy of the lungs will be beneficial in learning how asthma affects the body. When a person breaths, the air goes through the nasal cavity, to the pharynx and larynx, then to the trachea and into the lungs, where the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli are located.

Childhood asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that involves both genetic and environmental factors, and can involve potentially permanent airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and multicellular inflammation. During an acute episode (which vary in severity and duration), the child presents with symptoms such as wheezing, respiratory distress, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue with exertion (Linzer, 2007). A stimulus (trigger) initiates an airway response that stimulates inflammation, bronchospasm, and increased mucus production. Triggers include cold air, pollen, dust, pet dander, cigarette smoke, exercise, infection, medications,

Asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are the most common inflammatory diseases of the lung. Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract and characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity, airway constriction, loss of breath, wheezing and mucus production in the lung. In the world, the number of individuals suffering from asthma is increasing at an alarming rate. About 18.7 million adults and 6.8 million of children in the United States suffer from asthma as reported by CDC (Asthma, n.d.). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that leads to obstructed airflow from the lungs. Inflammatory response to cigarette smoke is a major cause for the development of chronic obstructive

Critical roles that Vitamin D plays include the regulation of blood calcium, bone homeostasis, bone metabolism, cell growth and division, and adaptive and innate immune responses. Vitamin D in the form 1,25(OH)2D becomes functional by binding to a nuclear VDR and retinoid X receptor to control gene transcription. Pathology is caused by the dysregulation of T cell responses. When T cells are activated in a long-lasting and problematic way, immune mediated diseases happen. A sub-group of the T cells known as the regulatory T cells, or suppressor T cells, plays an important role in modulating the immune system, sustaining tolerance to self-antigens, and stopping autoimmune disease. When there is a deficiency of regulatory T cells, immune mediated diseases occur. As such, regulation of T cell response is critical to the healthy functioning of the body, and to prevent chronic activation of the T cells (Cantorna et al.

We need Vitamin D because it ensures growth and maintenance of healthy bones, proper levels of calcium and phosphorus in our blood, proper function of the heart, nervous system, the clotting process and immune system. Also, Vitamin D helps protect against osteoporosis and rickets. We need Cholesterol to produce Vitamin D, make and maintain cell membranes, help the brain send messages, to help the immune system protect against cancer and other diseases, and also to be a major component of estrogen and testosterone. We need Folic acid because it aids in cell growth and DNA replication.

Vitamin intake is a commonly overlooked necessity in basic nutritional health. What most people do not know is that certain vitamin deficiencies can cause many health risks and problems. Many people believe that are getting all the vitamins they need from their diet, however most of the time they are not. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is the low intake of Vitamin D. There are some vitamins that are produced by the body such as vitamin K; however some of the most important vitamins are not produced by the body. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that our body needs to function correctly that is not naturally produced by the body. Vitamin D can be consumed through

It is not clear whether vitamin D supplements can reduce risk of severe asthma in all patients. The article mentioned that the risk of severe asthma is not fully understood. Most of the patients recruited for this supplement study had mild to moderate asthma; consequently, the data from this study needs to be interpreted with caution. The article clearly explains the approach to treat patients with severe asthma; however, the research group does not seem to have the right group of candidates to properly test the efficacy of their supplement.

Asthma is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic respiratory conditions occurring throughout the lifespan.

5) Asthma is chronic obstructive lung conditions that is condemned of triggers and attacks. Since we now know that asthma has many triggers and causes, well in response to coming in contact with its trigger the mast cells of the immune system, which are found in loose connective tissue, are responsible for releasing vasoactive which are action on vessels, chemical mediators, including histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, cytokines and prostaglandins. Chemotactic (produces specific cell movement) chemical mediators released from the mast cells cause neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils to infiltrate the cells of the bronchial lining. These target the respiratory system and cause bronchoconstriction, vascular congestion, vasodilation, increases in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, impaired mucociliary action (removal of mucus and contaminants within the bronchial tree by movement of the cilia inside the bronchioles), and increased mucus production, which leads to an increase in airway resistance. These pathophysiologic factors produce the typical clinical presentation of asthma. (Allergic Asthma and Rhinitis Comorbidity, P.

However, due to the many technological advances that we have today, we are able to live in places where our skin pigmentation has no accord with the UV radiation of our current environment; this lack of harmony results in many mental and physical deficiencies, the most common of which is vitamin D

Much research has been done in the past recently years about the genetics of asthma and what exactly causes it. Many all that have done research claim that asthma “ the procession from linkage to the actual identification of the gene has proven to be difficult” that being said plenty of work done in labs and experiments provide evidence of chromosomes, diseases, and of the environment that shows asthma is genetic (Koppelman et al). In this paper I hope to provide the average person with the same knowledge that I have attained by reading theses scholarly articles that ultimately showed that, even though the exacts of the genes of asthma are unknown, educational information has been provided to make many hypothesizes in order

Understanding the genetic etiology of asthma is critical not only to the development of successful