This research project followed a multipronged approach combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. After addressing the sample size and exclusions, the second section of Part I examines the strengths and shortcomings of the qualitative research methods, including the interviews and the on-site observations of fresh evidence matters. Finally, I hope to demonstrate why it was necessary to turn to the source of the case law to mine the raw data to sustain my working hypotheses. I.1 Shaping the Sample Size: inclusions and exclusions The case study analysis is based on fresh evidence jurisprudence that spans a period of 100 years, between 1910 and 2010. The decade of 1910 is an appropriate place to start because the earliest Canadian fresh evidence criminal law case was published in 1915. In Rex v. White, the Ontario High Court dismissed a motion brought by the Crown to introduce fresh evidence at the close of the defence’s case in order to support its theory that there was sufficient evidence to find the accused guilty of keeping a common betting-house. In dismissing the application, the Court held that the Crown intended to provide evidence in chief rather than evidence in reply, thereby requesting a trial de novo. The Court ruled that it was without jurisdiction to admit fresh evidence to retry the defendant. This early resistance to the reception of fresh evidence may explain why there was no such other reported case for almost 10 years. It was
In the last four decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of fresh evidence cases before Canadian criminal law appellate courts. Yet when it was first introduced at the turn of the last century, this rule of evidence was meant to be an exception to the principle of the finality of judgments, to be used only on those rare occasions when a miscarriage of justice had occurred. It was intended to prevent the innocent from going to jail or worse, from perishing on the gallows. Historically, fresh evidence was used but rarely prior to 1970. However, starting in the mid 1970s these applications have grown significantly, exploding after the early 1980s.
Qualitative research explains, describes and characterizes the subject of investigation by focusing on words rather than numbers. It mainly collect the non-numerical data to describe a problem and helps to create ideas for further research. In qualitative research, data is collected through focus groups, interviews, direct observation or evaluation of archival material such as newspapers. Qualitative research has a qualitative dimension and relies on background and context to analyze data. In this study, researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world. Though a qualitative research, a wide array of dimensions of the social world can be explored, including the texture and weave of everyday life, the understandings, experiences and imaginings or our research participants, the ways that social processes, institutions, discourses or relationships work, and the significance of the meanings that they generate. Qualitative research involves an explanatory, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Pennsylvania State University, 2016).
his module introduces the fundamental elements of a qualitative approach to research, to help you understand and become proficient in the qualitative methods discussed in subsequent modules. We recommend that you consult the suggested readings at the end of the module for more in-depth treatment of the foundations of qualitative research. This module covers the following topics: Introduction to Qualitative Research Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Sampling in Qualitative
Qualitative Article:A Women 's Place is in the Home: Females and Residential BurglaryThis article uses a qualitative research method. Qualitative research involves analyzing and interpreting texts and interviews in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a particular phenomenon (Adler & Clarke, 2008, p.13.). The method has been adopted to investigate the research question. The research question is; what involvement do women have in residential burglaries. This research question is analysed by comparing female characteristics with their male counterparts and, through primary investigation, into the roles female burglars play during offences.
The sociologist is interested in understanding the self, other, and social environment, questioning and searching for an interpretation of the common, everyday, and taken for granted. In order to do this, the sociologist needs to apply some form of research and method, however the most successful direction for doing so has been long disputed. Although sociological method has been subject to many different styles and approaches, being constantly updated with new ideas and concepts, this essay will argue that in order to best reflect upon and develop an understanding of today’s world, the researcher needs to use and apply both qualitative and quantitative methods. To make this argument clear, this essay will first go into the understanding of sociological methods through epistemological and ontological views. Then this essay will explore the debate of quantitative or qualitative methods, and then argue for a mixed methods approach. Finally, this essay will utilise an existing research paper and evaluate one of the many ways to inter-relating quantitative and qualitative method, being the concurrent triangulation design. In conclusion, this essay will prove that through the utilisation of both quantitative and qualitative method, the sociologist has the ability to open "a free space for innovation and creativity" (Martin, Gutman & Hutton, 1988, p.163), in which both methods are able to strengthen each other and further support the interpretation of the phenomena at hand.
I have been asked to produce a report which critically evaluates a wide variation of methodologies and how they can be applied to a given scenario. In this report I am going to be analyzing the usefulness of the methods that I can apply to different situations I will also be going on further to explain my knowledge of these methodologies by selecting methods and creating research documentation for a that scenario. In this scenario I am part of an IT Support Team of a large Further & Higher Educational
Studies of the relationship between purchase intentions and purchase behavior have ignored the possibility that the very act of measurement may inflate the association between intentions and behavior, a phenomenon called “self-generated validity.” In this research, the authors develop a latent model of the reactive effects of measurement that is applicable to intentions, attitude, or satisfaction data, and they show that this model can be estimated with a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, the authors use data from surveyed consumers to predict the presurvey latent purchase intentions of
However, this paper will explore the examination of the research problem using a qualitative methodology. It will also restate the
This paper compares and contrasts three different approaches utilised in research on technology: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research. A description of these three approaches is followed by a discussion of how the components of these three approaches differ. Philosophical assumptions, methods/types, purposes/goals, and data analysis are examined. In order to enhance the understanding of these different approaches, six mobile technology research projects are discussed with a focus on these components. Finally, critiques and lessons learned with each approach is presented.
In this paper, I will outline quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide illustrations in the context of some social issues, which will hopefully offer insight into how each method is properly applied.
Qualitative research explains, describes and characterizes the subject of investigation by focusing on words rather than numbers. It mainly collects the non-numerical data to describe a problem and helps to create ideas for further research. In qualitative research, data are collected through focus groups, interviews, direct observation or evaluation of archival material such as newspapers. Qualitative research has a qualitative dimension and relies on the background and context to analyze data. In this study, researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world. Though a qualitative research, a wide array of dimensions of the social world can be explored, including the texture and weave of everyday life, the understandings, experiences and imaginings, or our research participants, the ways that social processes, institutions, discourses or relationships work, and the significance of the meanings that they generate. Qualitative research involves an explanatory, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people brings to them (Pennsylvania State University, 2016).
As a research method, this study applies qualitative research which denotes to studying things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. It means that the research involves the studied usage and collection of a range of empirical materials which portray routine and problematic moments and meaning in individual’s lives (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011: 3-4). Therefore, the role of fieldwork through a long-term interaction with relevant respondents is very beneficial in the qualitative research in order to earn multiple perspectives (Glesne and Peshkin, 1992: 6). This method is the only way of establishing the validity of findings from field research. It can provide a deeper understanding regarding social phenomena than would be obtained from purely quantitative data (Silverman, 2001: 32).
This essay critically analyses the utilization of different research approaches when answering a clinical question. The assigned clinical issue discussed in this essay is the mandated nurse-to-patient ratios in Queensland hospitals will improve patient outcomes.
Part one : The issues, and research questions in linguistics. Jane Sunderland. Qualitative, or Quantitavie or both? Merged processes in linguistic researches. Jo Angouri.
Research, as defined by Merriam Webster, is “the activity of getting information about a subject” (Research, n.d.). When looking at the research process there are two main approaches for gathering information; qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach focuses on describing information in a deep thought provoking manner. Adversely, the quantitative approach focuses on information from a larger number of people and applies statistical techniques to recognize patterns in the data (“Organizing,” n.d.). In the educational setting, principals are the leaders of the school. Principals need to develop teachers, create a safe and productive work environment, and try to impact student achievement. Great principals search for new and inventive ways to make their school thrive. Research provides principals opportunities to better understand problems and changes in the school setting. Using research-based data, principals can help promote student and teacher success in the educational setting.