The Effect Of Nanoparticles On Lung Cancer

However, there are stages in the lives of all humans when the body finds itself in a position where it is no longer able to defend itself against ailments and diseases and eventually may even lose the battle. One such disease which claims many lives every year in this manner is Cancer. So far so, there has been no cure for Cancer but some medicines and treatments are now available which can slow down and in some cases can even alter the effects of Cancer, depending on the stage at which the disease is at that moment. For this paper however we would concentrate on Lung Cancer and its effects.

According to a paper published by the Center for Diseases and Control, Lung Cancer has the highest mortality rate in the US than any other cancer type. In 2011, about 156,953 people died from the disease as about 207,000 cases of ailing lung cancer patients were diagnosed that year. This number is set to see an increase over the years if adequate care in research is not given .Song described Lung cancer, as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with the former being responsible for about 85% of diagnosis cases and deaths reported each year. The most common types of NSCLC include adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas and as expected, most of these NSCLC types are related to smoking. However, adenocarcinomas have been found in patients who never smoked. Common but inadequate ways of NSCLC treatment include surgery, radiation therapy , and chemotherapy (Witschi , 2001) but the most effective form of NSCLC treatment has been known to be targeted therapies (Nguyen et al. , 2011) . This research invention has taken cancer treatment to another level because of the specificity of the drug inhibitors used to target carcinomas, or protein kinases that involve in pathways of the cancer. Adequate research has led to efficient modifications to use of targeted-therapies for specific fusion genes that code for oncogenes and kinesin genes i.e the Kinesin Family 5B gene and the RET (Rearranged during Transcription). Song also

Non-small cell is the most common form of lung cancer. In fact 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer are non-small cell. The other main type of lung cancer is small cell lung cancer, and together, they are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, surpassing women’s breast cancer in 1987. In 2015, 221,200 people are expected to be diagnosed with some form of lung cancer. After a patient is diagnosed, their life expectancy drastically drops, as patients die on average within one year of being diagnosed. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of the fatality rate.

With more than 1.61 million cases recognized annually lung carcinoma is that the leading cause behind cancer connected loss of life among men and second main cause in the back of loss of life in women worldwide [Jemal et al., 2011]. Morphologically the lung cancer is divided into small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of all cases. [Brambilla et al., 2001]. The medical accomplishment in two decades has provided least effect on the treatment of the most cancers, the overall five year survival rate of NSCLC is roughly 15%.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortalities in the world. An astounding average of 1.6 million deaths occur due to lung cancer yearly (1). Lung cancer is classified into two types: small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), where 85% of lung cancer cases are NSCLC. NSCLC has several different histologic subtypes, some of which are: squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Of the three, adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 50% of NSCLCs, making it the most common subtype (2).

Nanobots are invented to solve problems concerning cancer. Uncontrolled mitosis leads to cancer which have higher tendency to happen when mechanism that controls the cell is distrupted. In 2012, according to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading cause of fatal. In Canada, approximately 30% of deaths are caused by cancer and abouy 191,300 new cases of cancer are expected in the year 2014. Annually, 14.1 milllon of new cases were reported while globally, there were 8.2 billion of deaths. Cancer cells need to compete with normal cells to obtain sufficient nutrient and energy for growth. Cancer cells divide out of control and are able to able to spread to other cell, tissue and organ which will result in malfunction and death.

The respiratory system is made up of several important parts, including the trachea or “windpipe” where the cancer is most likely to originate (see fig.2 for location). Other parts include the pleura; the thin coating separated from the lungs by a small amount of liquid. This is in place to allow for easier breathing and to not corrode the chest walls when individual is inhaling. Lungs are heavily impacted by the formation of cancer because of the fact that they keep blood pumping to the heart and without that, the heart stops and breathing of the individual ceases resulting in

Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer in the United States. It kills more men and women than a number of cancers combined. The disease has many risk factors that affect the chances of obtaining it. The leading risk factor is one that can be avoided, that is smoking. This paper will look at methods to find, diagnose and treat lung cancer. It will show ways to reduce chances of getting lung cancer and also look at preventive methods used.

|Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. |

Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells in one or both lungs grow in an uncontrolled way and form a mass called a neoplasm or tumour. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system located in the chest cavity on either side of the heart. Lung cancer can originate anywhere in the lungs. Tumours can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body, although they may interfere with other areas of the body as they grow. They may come up as nodules or a ‘spot on the lung’ in an x-ray. A malignant tumour is characterised by its ability to spread to other parts of the body through a process known as metastasis. If the spread is not stopped,

Cancer is a disease that plagues millions of people annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer develops when healthy cells in the lungs are compromised by chemicals, pathogens, or radiation (Henderson). In the early twentieth century, before cigarette smoking and toxic man-made air pollutants became more commonplace, lung cancer was relatively rare (Henderson). It is now the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, resulting in an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually (“Lung”). Lung cancer is second only to breast cancer as the leading cause of death in women worldwide (“Lung”). In the United States, however, lung cancer is the leading cause of death in women (“Lung”). Lung cancer can occur at any age, but it occurs primarily between the ages of forty-five and seventy-five (“Lung”). The four leading causes of lung cancer are smoking cigarettes, exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, and asbestos exposure.

According to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world and has a mortality rate higher than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined.1 There are 3 types of lung cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell, which include subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.2 Although less common, making up 10-15% of lung cancers, small-cell lung cancer is known for its rapid growth and spread.2 The types of lung cancer vary greatly in the prognosis and management of disease, as rate of growth, risk of metastasis, rate of recurrence, and treatment options are different with each.2 Physical therapy serves an integral role in the management of patients with lung cancer by providing interventions to optimize pulmonary and cardiovascular function.

Cancer is one of the serious health problems affecting the world among which lung cancer is an important one. The mortality rate due to lung cancer is very high. But the early detection of lung cancer can reduce the mortality rate. Studies shows that $85 $ of the lung cancer in males and $75$ lung cancer in females are due to cigarette smoking [1].

The symptoms can be tough to live with; so many people who are living with lung cancer want new ways of treatment. Specialists are still trying to find new ways of curing lung cancer; however, today’s patients must live with the treatments available. In the meantime, people avoid the causes that lead to the development of the disease. Lung cancer has too many cases of too many

Lung cancer is the number one leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Lung cancer kills more people than any other cancer, such as; breast cancer, colon, prostate, or ovarian. There are two types of lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and non-small lung cancers. These two lung cancers grow and spread differently. Small cell lung cancer tends to spread quickly and makes up about 10-15 percent of the lung cancers. Non-small lung cancer is the most common type, it attributes to about 85 percent of lung cancers. The sub types of non-small cell lungs cancer are; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer. If you quit smoking you can significantly reduce your chances of developing lung cancer. The overall prognosis is poor, lung cancer is usually not found until it is in its advanced stage. According to the Mayo Clinic “Five-year survival is 40% to 50% for early stage lung cancer, but only 1% to 5% in advanced, inoperable lung cancer.”