1.0MS2T4E. coli0.5104 103 102 10-10' 102 103 10*1Cot (mole x sec/L)b.) This next figure compares the DNA from two bacteriophages (MS2 and T4) and abacterium (E. coli). The genome sizes are as follows: MS2 3569bp; T4 168, 903bp; E. coli -~4.600, 000bp.i. Describe the relationship of the three different curves to each other.ii. Explain this relationship in terms of genome size.c.) When half of the DNA in the sample is double-stranded, that point is termed the half-reaction time (Cot12). Plot a graph below that describes how genome sizes of MS2, T4 andE.coli affects the half-reactioh time.Fraction remainingsingle-stranded (C/Čo) 0.510410 102 10 1 10' 10² 103³ 10*Cot (mole × sec/L)In 1968, Britten and Kohne showed that once double-stranded DNA is dissociated into single-stranded pieces, the rate of reassociation of the complementary strands can be analyzed. Forthese kinds of experiments, the DNA is first sheared into fragments with an average size ofseveral hundred base pairs. The fragments are dissociated (denatured) via heating, and thenthe sample temperature is lowered slowly while the reassociation is monitored. Duringreassociation, pieces of single-stranded molecules collide at random. If the pieces arecomplementary, a stable double-stranded molecule is formed. If no match is made, the piecesseparate and continue encountering other single-stranded pieces. This process continuesuntil all matches are made.a. The figure below shows an ideal time course for reassociation of DNA. Co is the initialconcentration of DNA single strands in moles per liter. Time (t) of the reassociation ismeasured in seconds. C is the concentration of single-stranded DNA remaining after sometime, t, has elapsed. For simplicity, you can think about the X-axis as time elapsed.i. At time t = 0, what is the relationship of C vs. Co?ii. You can see the slope of the line changes over the span of the reaction. Describe theslope at the beginning, middle and end of the reaction using the following words: steepand shallow.iii. Explain why the slope is as you describe it at the beginning, middle and end of thereaction. Provide a molecular explanation.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) acts as genetic material in most organisms. It is also called a genome.…

1.0 MS2 T4 E. coli 0.5 10-4 10-3 102 10' 1 10 102 10 104 Cot (mole x sec/L) b.) This next figure compares the DNA from two bacteriophages (MS2 and T4) and a bacterium (E. coli). The genome sizes are as follows: MS2 3569bp; T4 168, 903bp; E. coli ~- 600, 000bp. Describe the relationship of the three different curves to each other. ii. Explain this relationship in terms of genome size. i. c.) When half of the DNA in the sample is double-stranded, that point is termed the half- Fraction remaining single-stranded (C/C,)

1.0 MS2 T4 E. coli 0.5 10-4 10-3 102 10' 1 10 102 10 104 Cot (mole x sec/L) b.) This next figure compares the DNA from two bacteriophages (MS2 and T4) and a bacterium (E. coli). The genome sizes are as follows: MS2 3569bp; T4 168, 903bp; E. coli ~- 600, 000bp. Describe the relationship of the three different curves to each other. ii. Explain this relationship in terms of genome size. i. c.) When half of the DNA in the sample is double-stranded, that point is termed the half- Fraction remaining single-stranded (C/C,)

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter8: The Structure, Replication, And Chromosomal Organization Of Dna

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14QP: State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of...

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State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of polynucleotide chains b. polarity (running in same direction or opposite directions) c. bases on interior or exterior of molecule d. sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e. which bases pair with which f. right- or left-handed helix
A duplex DNA molecule contains a random sequence of the four nucleotides with equal proportions of each. What is the average spacing between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-ATGC-3'? Between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-TACGGC-3'?
A single strand of DNA, 24 nucleotides long, with the sequence 5'-TTTCCCgggAAAgggTTTAAAggg-3' is in a test tube. (Note that G's are shown in lowercase, so that your eye can better distinguish them from C's) Other than the appropriate buffer solution, what else needs to go in the test tube to so that we end up with a piece of double stranded DNA, 24 base pairs long, with the above sequence comprising one of the two strands?
5’ TAAGCGTAACCCGCTAA CGTATGCGAAC GGGTCCTATTAACGCAC 3’ 3’ ATTCGCATTGGGCGATT GCATACGCTTG CCCAGGATAATTGCGTG 5’ Imagine that the double-stranded DNA molecule shown above was broken at the sites indicated by spaces in the sequence and that before the breaks were repaired the DNA fragment between the breaks was reversed. What would be the base sequence of the repaired molecule? Show the sequence, label the 5’ and 3’ ends and briefly explain the reasoning supporting your answer
Assuming the average weight of a deoxynucleotide monophosphate (dNMP) is 327.0 g/mol, how many picomoles of DNA are present in 500ng of a 1000bp DNA fragment?
What is the concentration of a DNA solution that absorbs 0.812 and 0.463 at 260 and 280 nm, respectively? Is the DNA solution considered to be good quality? Why or why not?
When a double-stranded DNA molecule is exposed tohigh temperature, the two strands separate, and themolecule loses its helical form. We say the DNA hasbeen denatured. (Denaturation also occurs whenDNA is exposed to acid or alkaline solutions.)a. Regions of the DNA that contain many A–T basepairs are the first to become denatured as the temperature of a DNA solution is raised. Thinkingabout the chemical structure of the DNA molecule, why do you think the A–T-rich regionsdenature first?b. If the temperature is lowered, the original DNAstrands can reanneal, or renature. In addition to thefull double-stranded molecules, some molecules ofthe type shown here are seen when the moleculesare examined under the electron microscope. Howcan you explain these structures?
T. aquaticusgenomic DNA is 34.3% guanosine nucleotides. What fraction of the DNA is adenosine nucleotides?
Agarose gels with different average pore sizes areneeded to separate DNA molecules of different sizeclasses. For example, optimal separation of 1100 bpand 1200 bp fragments would require a gel with alarger average pore size than optimal separation of8500 bp and 8600 bp fragments. How do you thinkthat scientists prepare gels of different average poresizes? (Hint: Agarose gels are made in a mannersimilar to gelatin desserts such as JELL-O.)
The base composition for one of the strands of a DNA double helix is 19% A, 34% C, 28% G, and 19% T. What is the percent base composition for the other strand of the DNA double helix?
if the guanine content of certain segment of double-stranded DNA is 22% what is the adenine content?
When the helix axis of a closed circular duplex DNA of 2310 bp is constrained to lie in a plane, the DNA has a twist (T) of 207. When released, the DNA takes up its normal twist of 10.5 bp per turn. Indicate the values of the linking number (L), writhing number (W), and twist for both the constrained and unconstrained conformational states of this DNA circle. What is the superhelix density, σ = W/T, of both the constrained and unconstrained DNA circles?