3. Consider the following reactions: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pi AGO' = -30.5 kJ/mol 1,3-biphosphoglycerate + H20 ----> phosphoglycerate + Pj AGO' = -49.4 kJ/mol a. How many moles of ATP could be produced under standard conditions from the oxidation of one mole of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate assuming 27.3% efficiency? b. Calculate the AGO for the reaction: phosphoglycerate + ATP ----> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate + ADP

3. Consider the following reactions: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pi AGO' = -30.5 kJ/mol 1,3-biphosphoglycerate + H20 ----> phosphoglycerate + Pj AGO' = -49.4 kJ/mol a. How many moles of ATP could be produced under standard conditions from the oxidation of one mole of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate assuming 27.3% efficiency? b. Calculate the AGO for the reaction: phosphoglycerate + ATP ----> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate + ADP

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TYK

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The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced. acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH pyruvate; NAD; FADH2 pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate
1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?
1. Explain the Chemiosmotic theory with regard to ATP generation in oxidative phosphorylation. 2. Explain how Phosphorylase activation differs between the liver and the muscle. What is the role of Epinephrine in Glycogen metabolism. 3. List all the materials required for beta-oxidation of cholesterol from six-carbon intermediate Mevalonate.
1. What steps in citric acid cycle have each of the following characteristics? a. The reaction generates FADH2. b. The organic substrate is oxidized. c. The reaction utilizes NAD+ d. The reaction breaks the carbon-carbon bond.
1. Why is the chemical logic behind the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase? a. So that we end the preparatory phase with 2 3-carbon compounds. b. to provide a substrate for phosphohexose isomerase. c. "Locks" Glucose in the cell. d. to decrease the ΔG of the next reaction. 2. What type of reaction does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyze? a. isomerization b. group transfer c. oxidation d. dehydration
1. A cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. B. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. C. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. D. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio.
1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle. Succinate --> Fumarate 2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? 3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? 4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?
1. Under anaerobic conditions where does the NAD⁺ necessary for the complete oxidation of glucose come from? a. oxidation of acetaldehyde b. reduction of pyruvate c. reduction of lactate d. oxidation of ethanol
1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH2 is formed along with the number.  Acetyl Co.A  Glucose.  Pyruvate.  Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate  Glucose – 6 – phosphate.  Phosphoenol – pyruvate.  1, 3 – Bisphosphoglycerate.  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate  Fructose – 6 – phosphate  Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate.  Dihydroacetone – phosphate.
1. How many ATP is produced in one molecule of glucose that undergo glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? 2. Galactose and fructose can also used as substrate for glycolysis. Their conversion into a substrate that can enter into the glycolytic pathway involves the use of how many ATPs? 3. How many ATPs are produced when the product of glycolysis undergoes anaerobic respiration?
5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?
Consider the coupled reactions: 1,3-BPG → 3-PG + Pi ΔG°'= -16.3 kcalmolkcalmol ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -7.3 kcalmolkcalmol Which of the following is TRUE about the total ΔG°’ for the coupled reactions? -9.0 kcal/mol; spontaneous +9.0 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous -23.6 kcal/mol; spontaneous +23.6 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous