Pleas solve E F, G, H, I ASAP F1F2Glycerol• Glycerol-phosphateDHAPАТРADPNADNADHF3PyruvateF4F7F6F5EthanolAcetaldehydeAcetyl-phosphate •AcetateNADNADHNADNADHADPАТРEthanol is an important biofuel. In certain situations, glycerol and acetate are waste products. As theabove network indicates, glycerol and acetate can be converted into ethanol.Begin by focusing on the reaction acetate + ATP E→ acetyl-phosphate + ADP, AG"= 13 kJ/mol(A) Considering the reaction in isolation (e.g. acetate kinase in a test tube), given that at equilibrium[ATP] = 5 mM, [ADP] = 0.5 mM, [acetate] = 20 mM, what is equilibrium concentration of acetyl-phosphate? You may use RT = 2.5 kJ/mol.(B) Assuming the following cellular concentrations: [ATP] = 5 mM, [ADP]= 0.5 mM, [acetate] = 20mM, and net flux in the direction shown on the diagram above, what can you say about thecellular concentration of acetyl-phosphate?(C) Draw the reactants and products of the above reaction and propose a sensible reactionmechanism using the arrow formalism (You can abbreviate the non-reacting part in ATP as R).(D) Name (or otherwise clearly indicate) one reaction in glycolysis that involves analogousfunctional group transformation.(E) What are 3 features that make the terminal phosphate of ATP “high energy"?(F) What is one feature that gives the phosphate bond within acetyl-phosphate high energy?Now consider the reaction pyruvate → acetaldehyde.(G) This reaction involves C-C bond breakage. What is the position of the reactive C-C bond relativeto the carbonyl of pyruvate?(H) What cofactor might facilitate the reaction?(1) Propose a sensible mechanism involving the cofactor using the arrow formalism. Hint: themechanism does not involve lipoic acid and NAD+, only the cofactor in (H).

Disclaimer: Since this is a multisubpart question, we will answer only three parts, E, F, and G.…

(E) What are 3 features that make the terminal phosphate of ATP "high energy"? (F) What is one feature that gives the phosphate bond within acetyl-phosphate high energy? Now consider the reaction pyruvate → acetaldehyde. (G) This reaction involves C-C bond breakage. What is the position of the reactive C-C bond relative to the carbonyl of pyruvate? (H) What cofactor might facilitate the reaction? (1) Propose a sensible mechanism involving the cofactor using the arrow formalism. Hint: the

(E) What are 3 features that make the terminal phosphate of ATP "high energy"? (F) What is one feature that gives the phosphate bond within acetyl-phosphate high energy? Now consider the reaction pyruvate → acetaldehyde. (G) This reaction involves C-C bond breakage. What is the position of the reactive C-C bond relative to the carbonyl of pyruvate? (H) What cofactor might facilitate the reaction? (1) Propose a sensible mechanism involving the cofactor using the arrow formalism. Hint: the

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter18: Glycolysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil...

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