5. Which of the following membrane lipids does not contain fatty acid tails? Explain what the biochemical nature of such lipid is. M) Phosphatidylcholine N) A glycolipid O) Phosphatidylserine P) Cholesterol Answer: Explanation:
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- 1. How would you demonstrate whether a GAG chain assembles from the reducing end versus the nonreducing end? 2. What factors can affect the fine structure of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cells?1. A. Many bacterial fatty acids contain branches and even rings. What effect would you expect these lipids to have on membrane fluidity compared to their straight-chain counterparts?B. When bacteria growing at 20°C are heated to 30°C, are they more likely to synthesize membrane lipids with (a) saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, and (b) short-chain or long-chain fatty acids? Explain your answers.1. The antibiotics puromycin and erythromycin are known inhibitors of protein synthesis. (a) Which part of the protein synthesis is affected by each antibiotic? (b) What could be the reason why one of them is more effective than the other one when they are given in the same dose?
- 1. Draw the structure of phosphatidic acid. Circle the polar parts of the molecule and box the non-polar parts of the molecule. 2.Based on the structure why would this molecule be a major building block for glycerophospholipids that make up the cell membrane? In your answer include which part of the molecule would be inside the membrane and which one out and why. 3. What specific “effect”would drive your answer to 2?1. What are the forces that maintain structural integrity of biological membranes and explain how each force mentioned is formed in membrane lipids.1. Why is cholesterol an important steroid?
- 8. Which of the following ion transport functions must be carried out by a pump? a. transport of Na+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol b. transport of glucose from the extracellular space to the cytosol c. transport of K+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space d. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the nucleus e. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space.2. What are the main types of molecules classified as lipids?1. Draw the structure of a cholesterol ester where cholesterol is esterified with palmitic acid. is this polar or nonpolar acid 2. Draw the strucutre of lecithin containing stearic acid on carbon 1 and arachidonic acid on carbon 2 of glycerol. is this polar or nonpolar acid 3.Disccuss the medical sginificance of cholesterol , cholesterol ester,l ecithin and choline . 4. Give examples of phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids of biological importance .
- 1. Why should the potassium salts of fatty acids yield soft soaps?1. Working as an engineer in the R&D section of a biotech industry, you are asked to select a membrane to concentrate a solution containing a protein with a molecular weight of 200 kDa; Fortunately, it has three types of membrane in the cellar: one for MF, one for UF and one for RO. Which one would you choose to perform the required service? Could you establish some characteristics of the chosen membrane?4. What is the role of decarboxylation in fatty acid synthesis? Describe another process discussed in this Biochemistry I course that uses decarboxylation for the same purpose.