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- Definitions: energy, metabolism, macronutrient, autotroph, heterotroph, byproduct, producer, consumer Ch 4. 1) a) What is a “balanced diet” and why is it important? b) Can a person be malnourished and not be “starving”? Explain your answer. 2) a) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? b) How do they differ in structure? c) Which is healthier and why? d? What are trans fats? 3) What is the role of a) carbohydrates and b) fats in our bodies? 4) a) What are the different roles proteins play in our cells/ bodies? b) What are essential amino acids? c) What is a complete vs. incomplete protein? 5) How do animals and plants differ in terms of their main structural components? 6) What primary characteristic determines the function of biological molecules? 7) a) How do enzymes catalyze (increase the rate of) reactions? b) What does it mean that enzymes are “substrate specific”? c) How are they usually named? 8) Describe the two types of enzyme…Fatty acids that have ______ are more likely to be liquid at room temperature. A. more double bonds B. fewer double bonds C. a longer carbon chain D. a shorter carbon chainFatty acids in phospholipids and triacylglycerols interact with one another by (a) disulfide bridges (b) van der Waals interactions (c) covalent bonds (d) hydrogen bonds (e) fatty acids do not interact with one another
- fatty acids with no double bonds are a. unsaturated b. higher in hydrogens than fatty acids with double bonds c. lower in hydrogens than fatty acids with no double bonds d. none of the aboveFatty acids Yield about: A. 7 ATP per C at B. 120 ATP per C atom C. 32 AIP C atom D. 14 ATP per C atomWhich of the following statements about trans-fatty acids is/are FALSE? A. Healthier than saturated FA. B. May be present in butter substitutes. C. Properties are similar to saturated FA. D. Formed from the hydrogenation of C=C.
- In contrast to other fatty acids, essential fatty acidsa. are always saturated fats.b. cannot be synthesized by the organism and are necessary forsurvival.c. can act as building blocks for large, more complex macromolecules.d. are the simplest form of lipids found in plant cells.e. are structural components of plasma membranes.Polyunsaturated fatty acids a). are solid at room temperature b). have carbon-carbon double bonds c). are polar d). have high melting pointsSynthesis of proteins requires the input of energy, which can be provided by: a. enzymes b. synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi c. hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP and Pi d. amino acids e. isotopes
- All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible. However, many biological reactions are irreversible. Which factor(s) contribute to the irreversibility of biological reactions? a. high energy requirementsb. product removalc. state of chemical equilibriumd. a and be. a, b, and cSaturated fats have all of the following characteristicsexcept:a. they are solid at room temperatureb. they have single bonds within the carbon chainc. they are usually obtained from animal sourcesd. they tend to dissolve in water easilyWhich of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct? a. Used to make phospholipids b. They all contain one or more double bonds. c. They are a constituent of sterols. d. They are strongly hydrophilic.