a Assuming that the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P; in chloroplasts are 3.15 mM, 1.00 mM, and 11.0 mM, respectively, what is the AG for ATP synthesis at 31.0 °C? (AG" = 30.5 kJ/mol) AG= kJ/mol Submit
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- Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?A new ATP-producing protein is discovered that couples ATP production to the oxidation of NADPH by oxidative phosphorylation. Assume that the value of ΔGo for ATP synthesis is 30 kJ•mol−1. If this protein only produces 1 molecule of ATP per reaction that consumes one NADPH: a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions?b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?
- In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the ΔG for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?Calculate how many moles of ATP can be made in standard conditions when 1 mole of protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase. Assume that: i) the matrix pH is 7.8, ii) the cytosolic pH is 7.2, iii)ΔE=0.168 V (inside negative), iv) T=37°C, and v) the standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP is -31.3 kJ/mol.
- The standard free energy variation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction is ΔGº’ = -30.5 kJ / mol ATP + H2O ⇄ ADP + Pi In red blood cells, when the concentration of Pi is 1.6 mM, the real change in energy free is ΔG = - 50'2 kJ / mol. a) Calculate under these conditions what is the ratio [ATP] / [ADP] in the red blood cells. b) Determine the equilibrium constant K 'of the reaction outlined above. c) If the ADP concentration were 0.2mM, what would be the effective concentration of ATP corresponding to equilibrium.What is the free energy change for generating the electrical imbalance of protons in respiring mitochondria in culture, where Δψ is 150 mV? (Express your answer in kJ/mol using 3 significant figures.)ATP Synthase is known to catalyze the synthesis of ATP with a ΔG°’ close to zero, and a Keq' close to 1. Why is the value of ΔG°’ different from the known value which is 30.5 kJ/mol (the energy for the reverse of ATP hydrolysis)? If the Keq' value is close to one, how is it ensured that the reaction is driven to the product side and more ATP is obtained?
- A total of 30.5 kJ mol-1 of free energy is needed to synthesise ATP from ADP and Pi when the reactants and products are at 1.0 M concentrations and the temperature is 25oC. Because the actual physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not 1.0 M, and the temperature is 37oC, the free energy required to synthesise ATP under physiological conditions is actually ~ 46.2 kJ mol-1. A 68 kg adult requires an energy intake of 8,550 kJ of food per day (24 hours). Calculate the mass (in Kg) of ATP synthesised by a human adult in 24 hours, assuming that the percentage efficiency of converting inputted calories in ATP is 50%. What percentage of the body weight does this represent?(a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II) anaerobic respiration? (b) In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP and what the driving force for the ATP formation through ATP synthase?Pyruvate oxidizes to form carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules areproduced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is 230.5kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?