a change that decreases the rate of hydrolysis of GTP by Ras a change that increases the affinity of Ras for GDP a change that decreases the affinity of Ras for GTP O a change that prevents Ras from being made
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- Ras proteins are activated when they a. bind GTP. b. release GTP. c. bind GDP. d. undergo acetylation.Which of the following are characteristics of “small” monomeric Ras GTPases? A. Membrane bound B. Act as molecular switches between GTP & GDP C. They interact with receptors directly to regulate upstream events D. They are activated upon GTP binding E. None of the aboveWhich of the following mutations would produce a form of the Ras protein that would be more difficult to inactivate than normal Ras? Briefly explain your reasoning.(i) A mutation that allows Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more rapidly than usual(ii) A mutation that causes Ras to bind Ras-GAP more tightly than usual(iii) A mutation that causes Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more slowly than usual
- Briefly describe the following properties of the Ras GTPases: a) Size, structure and cellular localization (for structure I want to know if they are lipidated and any other unique features) , b) How are they activated and inactivated (i.e. include the GEFs and GAPs), c). Give an example of downstream effector proteins, d). Are they or could they be involved in human cancer.CAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that can activate kinase enzymes allosterically in the cytoplasm. Describe the effects of CAMP molecules on kinase enzymes.Some elongation factors are evolutionarily related to the G-proteins involved in signal transduction. Provide a possible reason why this is the case.
- Referring to Figure 18.5, predict what would happen if the SRPRNA was unable to stimulate the GTPase activities of the GTPbindingproteins within SRP and the SRP receptor.The ras protein is a mutated G protein that lacks GTPase activity. How does the absence of this activity affect the adenylyl cyclase pathway?We have studied Ras signal transduction pathway. In an experiment, two different mutations were produced using different chemicals. The proteins with mutation are listed below. State what will be the effect of each mutation and explain whether it will result in cell proliferation or not. GEF protein GTPase
- Even in the presence of a Ras-GAP, a single amino acid change in as renders it incapable of hydrolyzing GTP. This mutation is known as Ras+ and is a cancer-causing mutation. What effect do you think this mutation will have on signaling downstream of Ras+? Why? a)A mutation would turn on the signaling pathway all of the time. b)Even if a route is mutated, it can still be turned on or off. c)Due to a mutation, the signaling pathway would always be off.Compare and contrast the regulation of Ras with trimeric G proteins.Cyclic-AMP stimulates which of the following? a) PKA b) PKC c) Ras d) RTK