Which of the following would most likely mimic Rb loss? Rb mutant where the phosphosites are mutated to alanine G1 cyclin with a shorter half-life Constitutively active E2F Ras GTPase mutant with increased hydrolysis activity
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- The egfr kinase independent transactivation of the ras pathway does require egfr. Explain this apparent contradiction.Compare and contrast the regulation of Ras with trimeric G proteins.Mutations that inactivate p53 have a recessive phenotype, whereas mutations affecting Ras are dominant. Explain the difference.
- Aberrant signaling through the Ras-BRaf-MAPK signal transduction pathway drives many cancers. This makes the pathway an attractive drug target, and many small molecules have been developed that target either Ras, BRaf or MAPK. In malignant melanoma, one mutation in particular, where valine 600 of Braf is mutated to a glutamic acid (V600E), is found in the majority of cases. This mutation makes BRaf activation independent of upstream Ras activity. Would a small molecule that targets Ras be effective in a melanoma case driven by Braf V600E? Explain your answer.Would the following alterations to Src be oncogenic? Explain. (a) The deletion or inactivation of the SH3 domain. (b) The mutation of Tyr 416 to Phe.Cyclic-AMP stimulates which of the following? a) PKA b) PKC c) Ras d) RTK
- We have studied Ras signal transduction pathway. In an experiment, two different mutations were produced using different chemicals. The proteins with mutation are listed below. State what will be the effect of each mutation and explain whether it will result in cell proliferation or not. GEF protein GTPasewhat protein is phosphorylated by Raf in the Ras/MAP kinase signal transduction cascade? I put ERK2 and ERK1 but was partially incorrect, what was the part I messed up on that would be correct? I know that one of the two is there but correct me if i'm wrongWhich of the following mutations would produce a form of the Ras protein that would be more difficult to inactivate than normal Ras? Briefly explain your reasoning.(i) A mutation that allows Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more rapidly than usual(ii) A mutation that causes Ras to bind Ras-GAP more tightly than usual(iii) A mutation that causes Ras to cleave (hydrolyze) GTP more slowly than usual
- Ras proteins are activated when they a. bind GTP. b. release GTP. c. bind GDP. d. undergo acetylation.Which of the following are characteristics of “small” monomeric Ras GTPases? A. Membrane bound B. Act as molecular switches between GTP & GDP C. They interact with receptors directly to regulate upstream events D. They are activated upon GTP binding E. None of the aboveWhich of the following would be expected to inhibit PKC activation by a GPCR ligand? phospholipase C inhibitor cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ras inhibitor MAP kinase inhibitor