A customer's "Willingness to Pay" should always be below the price that is being charged by the firm in the industry. a) True b) False c) Depends d) Doesn't matter
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1) A customer's "
2) We find that the margins of Microsoft and Intel are higher compared to the PC manufacturers, we find that that Apple takes a very high margin on sale of mobile application by individual developers for the iOS platform. What are the underlying forces in these two scenario respectively?
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- A) Demand for your product is given by: P = 220 - 0.05Q and marginal cost is given by: MC = 20 + 0.1Q. What price output combination will maximize your profit? b) If marginal production costs increased by 10 per unit, how much could you increase your price and still maximize profit? c)Suppose two companies in an industry advertise where the marginal benefit of advertising expenditure is 0. what this means is, if each company increased their advertising by $50 million, both would see their profits fall by $50 million but if they both cut their advertising by $50 million they would both see their profits go up by $50 million. However if one increased advertising by $50 million and the other decreased advertising $50 million, the firm increasing their advertising would increase their profits by $100 million and the firm cutting their advertising expenditure would see the profit decrease by $100 million. What is the optimal outcome? Does each firm have a dominant strategy? If so, will…Economics - Game Theory & Business Strategy Inverse Market Demand for tires is P = 200 - .01Q We assume the manufacturer sets a Price, 'X', for the tires and the manufacrturer moves first, selecting 'X' before any sales decisions are made. In this variation, we assume there are 3 retail firms, each with Market Power. The firms (1,2,3) make their sales decisions (q1,q2,q3) simultaneously, taking the manufacturer's price X as given. Total market sales, Q, then equal q1 + q2 + q3. We assume the only cost for the retailers is the cost 'X' for each tire. Additionally, the manufacturer produces the tires at a Marginal Cost of $10 a tire. **** Write out the Extensive form of this game ****PC Connection and CDW are two online retailers that compete in an Internet market for digital cameras. While the products they sell are similar, the firms attempt to differentiate themselves through their service policies. Over the last couple of months, PC Connection has matched CDW’s price cuts but has not matched its price increases. Suppose that when PC Connection matches CDW’s price changes, the inverse demand curve for CDW’s cameras is given by P = 1,500 − 3Q. When it does not match price changes, CDW’s inverse demand curve is P = 900 − 0.50Q. Based on this information, determine CDW’s inverse demand and marginal revenue functions over the last couple of months. Over what range will changes in marginal cost have no effect on CDW’s profit-maximizing level of output?
- 5. Consider a single manufacturer (M) and a single retailer (R). Suppose the final demand function is Q=20-4p. M produces at AC=MC=2. The game is played out as below: In stage 1, M decides the wholesale price pw. In stage 2, R decides the retail price pr to consumers. a. Find the values of pr and pw in equilibrium b. Suppose M and R vertically integrate. Find the optimal price for the integrated firmSuppose the market demand for ECO textbooks at the University is given by ?=1000−2?Q=1000−2P. The Marginal Cost of a textbook is $50. Suppose there are only two textbook publishers, both printing the exact same textbook. They compete in a Cournot manner. Suppose each firm produces ?=450q=450. Is this an equilibrium? Explain your reasoning, show all the steps of your working clearly. Keep your responses short and precise. Under 250 words is a good rule of thumb.Suppose that two Japanese companies, Hitachi and Toshiba, are the sole producers (i.e., duopolists) of a microprocessor chip used in a number of different brands of personal computers. Assume that total demand for the chips is fixed and that each firm charges the same price for the chips. Each firm’s market share and profits are a function of the magnitude of the promotional campaign used to promote its version of the chip. Also assume that only two strategies are available to each firm: a limited promotional campaign (budget) and an extensive promotional campaign (budget). If the two firms engage in a limited promotional campaign, each firm will earn a quarterly profit of $14 million. If the two firms undertake an extensive promotional campaign, each firm will earn a quarterly profit of $11 million. With this strategy combination, market share and total sales will be the same as for a limited promotional campaign, but promotional costs will be higher and hence profits will be lower.…
- Suppose two Bertrand competitors, F1 and F2, make identical products for a market with inverse demand P = 600 – 0.5Q. Both firms have the same costs Ci = 20qi, and each firm has sufficient capacity to supply the entire market. a. What prices will the firms choose? How much might each produce and what profit would they make? Is the result a Nash equilibrium? Explain. b. Suppose F1 improves its efficiency, reducing its cost to C1 = 16q1. What will happen in this market? Explain. c. Assume now that the firms have their original identical costs, but that F1 has only 100 units of capacity and F2 has only 200 units of capacity. What prices will the firms choose now? Explain why neither firm will want to decrease its price at the equilibrium you identify. Why would neither firm want to increase its price? Prove this for F1.Title 1. Two firms have costs of AC 1 = MC 1 = 20 and AC 2 = MC 2 = 16 respectively. Market demand is Q =. Description 1. Two firms have costs of AC1 = MC1 = 20 and AC2 = MC2 = 16 respectively. Market demand is Q = 1000 − 40P. a. Suppose irms practice Bertrand competition, that is, setting prices for their identical products simultaneously. Compute the Nash equilibrium prices. (To avoid technical problems in this question, assume that if irms both have the same price, then the low-cost irm makes all the sales.) b. Compute irm output, irm proit and market output. c. Is total welfare maximised in the Nash equilibrium? If not, suggest an outcome that would maximise total welfare, and compute the deadweight loss in the Nash equilibrium compared with your outcome.1. Consider an industry with inverse demand given by p = 8 – q, where p is the price, and q is the quantity. There is one incumbent firm and one potential entrant. In the first stage of the game, the incumbent chooses its quantity qi. In the second stage, the potential entrant observes qi and chooses its quantity Ce. The potential entrant can also decide not to enter the market. The production technology of both firms are represented by the cost function C = 2q. To enter industry implies a fixed entry cost of F. (a) Find the equilibrium of the game, assuming that the potential entrant enters the industry. What are the profits of firms? (b) Assume that entry is not blockaded. For which values of F does the incumbent firm prefer to deter entry? (c) For which values of F, entry blockaded?
- Suppose a manufacturer and its retailer face the problem of double marginalization. If the manufacturer sets the wholesale price equal to its marginal cost c and in addition, requires the retailer to pay a fraction α (between 0 and 1) of its profit. 4.a Write down the retailer’s profit maximization problem. Will this practice solve the double marginalization problem? (That is, will this practice maximize their joint profit?) 4.b Suppose the retailer is required to pay a fraction of α of its sales (i.e., total revenue). Write down the retailer’s profit maximization problem. Will this practice solve the double marginalization problem?[The soft drink industry is dominated by two cola firms- DEW and HEW. The market is worth $8 billion. Each firm can decide whether to advertise or not, but advertising costs $2 billion to any firm undertaking it. Moreover, advertising will create only negligible new demand as the market is already saturated. So, for the purpose of this question, assume that the market remains at $8 billion regardless of advertising. If one firm advertises and the other does not, then the former captures the whole market. If both firms advertise, then DEW captures 60% of the market and HEW captures 40% of the market, but the advertising must be paid for. If neither firm advertises, then the market is again split 60:40, with 60% going to DEW and 40% to HEW.] [Draw the payoff matrix for this game where each player’s payoff is equal to the value of market it captures less the cost of advertisement. [Do any of the firms have dominant strategies? If so, what are they? Is there a dominant strategy…[The soft drink industry is dominated by two cola firms- DEW and HEW. The market is worth $8 billion. Each firm can decide whether to advertise or not, but advertising costs $2 billion to any firm undertaking it. Moreover, advertising will create only negligible new demand as the market is already saturated. So, for the purpose of this question, assume that the market remains at $8 billion regardless of advertising. If one firm advertises and the other does not, then the former captures the whole market. If both firms advertise, then DEW captures 60% of the market and HEW captures 40% of the market, but the advertising must be paid for. If neither firm advertises, then the market is again split 60:40, with 60% going to DEW and 40% to HEW.] Draw the payoff matrix for this game where each player’s payoff is equal to the value of market it captures less the cost of advertisement. (please explain how you calculate the payoff matrix)
