(a) The decomposition of a gas phase reactant, A, into gaseous products, P and Q, proceeds according to the reaction stoichiometry: A (g) (8)0 + (8) d and has been studied by measurement of the pressure increase in a constant volume system. Starting with an initial pressure of 112 torr of pure A at 713 K, the following total pressures, were measured at the times stated: Time (min) Pressure (Torr) 136 15 30 45 60 75 155 170 181 191 (i) Give a suitable expression for the integrated rate equation by which the tabulated data can be analysed to confirm that the reaction exhibits first order kinetics. (ii) Calculate the rate constant and the half life of the reaction. (ii) If the activation energy of the reaction is given by 120 kJ mol, determine the rate constant and half life at a temperature of 1 100 K.

(a) The decomposition of a gas phase reactant, A, into gaseous products, P and Q, proceeds according to the reaction stoichiometry: A (g) (8)0 + (8) d and has been studied by measurement of the pressure increase in a constant volume system. Starting with an initial pressure of 112 torr of pure A at 713 K, the following total pressures, were measured at the times stated: Time (min) Pressure (Torr) 136 15 30 45 60 75 155 170 181 191 (i) Give a suitable expression for the integrated rate equation by which the tabulated data can be analysed to confirm that the reaction exhibits first order kinetics. (ii) Calculate the rate constant and the half life of the reaction. (ii) If the activation energy of the reaction is given by 120 kJ mol, determine the rate constant and half life at a temperature of 1 100 K.

Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168390

Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Publisher:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Chapter12: Kinetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 43E: Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic penicillin because they produce penicillinase, an...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder. When it is used to treat babies and small animals, the pharmacist or veterinarian must suspend it in water, so that it can be administered orally with a medicine dropper. The label says to dispose of unused suspension after 14 days. It also points out that refrigeration is required. In the context of this chapter, what is implied in the latter two statements?
Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic penicillin because they produce penicillinase, an enzyme with a molecular weight of 3104 g/mol that converts penicillin into inactive molecules. Although the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be complex, at low concentrations this reaction can be described by a rate equation that is first order in the catalyst (penicillinase) and that also involves the concentration of penicillin. From the following data: 1.0 L of a solution containing 0.15 g ( 0.15106 g) of penicillinase, determine the order of the reaction with respect to penicillin and the value of the rate constant. [Penicillin] (M) Rate (mol/L/min) 2.0106 1.01010 3.0106 1.51010 4.0106 2.01010
Sucrose (C12H22O11)(C12H22O11), which is commonly known as table sugar, reacts in dilute acid solutions to form two simpler sugars, glucose and fructose, both of which have the formula C6H12O6C6H12O6. At 23 ∘C∘C and in 0.5 M HClM HCl, the following data were obtained for the disappearance of sucrose: Time (min)(min) C12H22O11(M)C12H22O11(M) 0 0.316 39 0.274 80 0.238 140 0.190 210 0.146 What is the rate constant?
The rate law for a reaction was reported as v= k,[A][B][C] with the molar concentrations in moles per cubic decimetre and the time in seconds. What are the units of k,?
Write down the kinetic equation for a simple reaction in a homogeneous medium 2A + B = 2C. Indicate the general and in relati on to all reactants reaction orders
Derive the integrated form of a third-order rate law v = kr[A]2[B] in which the stoichiometry is 2 A +B −−→ P and the reactants are initially present in (a) their stoichiometric proportions, (b) with Bpresent initially in twice the amount.
A bimolecular chemical reaction is one in which two chemicals react to form another substance. Suppose that one molecule of each of the two chemicals reacts to form two molecules of a new substance. If x represents the number of molecules of the new substance at time t, then the rate of change of x is proportional to the square of the numbers of molecules of the original chemicals available to be converted. That is, if each of the chemicals initially contained A molecules, then dx dt = k(A − x)2 where k is a constant. If 40% of the initial amount A is converted after 1 hour, how long will it be before 50% is converted? (Give an exact answer. Do not round.)
The decomposition of aqueous sucrose to form the isomers glucose and fructose is a common organic reaction, which requires a strong catalyst: C12H22O11(aq) + H2O(l) → 2C6H12O6(aq). The following data were collected during the process: Time (min) [C12H22O11] (mol/L) 0 0.316 39 0.274 80 0.238 140 0.190 210 0.146 (A) If we performed a new trial with an initial concentration of sucrose of 0.400 mol/L, what concentration would remain after 4.0 h has passed?
1. The decomposition of aqueous sucrose to form the isomers glucose and fructose is a common organic reaction, which requires a strong catalyst: C12H22O11(aq) + H2O(l) → 2C6H12O6(aq). The following data were collected during the process: Time (min) [C12H22O11] (mol/L) 0 0.316 39 0.274 80 0.238 140 0.190 210 0.146 (a)If we performed a new trial with an initial concentration of sucrose of 0.400 mol/L, what concentration would remain after 4.0 h has passed? 2. Methyl isomerizes to acetonitrile, CH3NC(g) → CH3CN(g) at 215°C. The following data were collected during the process: Time (sec) [CH3NC] (mol/L) 2000 0.0110 5000 0.0059 8000 0.0031 12000 0.0014 15000 0.0007 2. (a)Assuming the process continues, what concentration of methyl isonitrile would we expect after 5.00 h?
2C4H6(g) → C8H12(g) At high temperatures, the compound C4H6 (1,3-butadiene) reacts according to the equation above. The rate of the reaction was studied at 625 K in a rigid reaction vessel. Two different trials, each shown with a different starting concentration, were carried out. The data were plotted in three different ways, as shown below. (a) For trial 1, calculate the initial pressure, in atm, in the vessel at 625 K. Assume that initially all the gas present in the vessel is C4H6. (Hint-this is a gas law problem from chemistry last year) (b) Use the data plotted in the graphs to determine the order of the reaction with respect to C4H6. (c) The initial rate of the reaction in trial 1 is 0.0010 mol/(L *s). Calculate the rate constant, k, for the reaction at 625 K.
The decomposition reaction given below: 2 N2O5(g) 4 NO2(g) + 1 O2(g) is carried out in a closed reaction vessel. If the partial pressure of N2O5(g) is decreasing at the rate of 806 torr/min, what is the rate of change of the total pressure in the vessel?Ptot /t = torr/min
Ethylene (CH2CH2) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 x 1010kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 30.0L reaction tank with 24.0atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 800.°C. He believes Kp= 0.040 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of Kp, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes.