Explain with justification the steps in the figure below(fed state) using relevant information. HighYieldThe Fed StateHighYieldGlucose -BloodLiver4 t InsulinGlucose+ GlucagonIntestineGlycogenAcetyl CoAсно-GlucoseAcetyl CoABrainTCA[ATP)co2TCAco. IATP)FatTGChylomicrons(TG)ProteinAAVLDLRBCPyruvate-6.FA + GlycerolLactate14TissuesGlucoseMuscleAAProteinAcetyl CoAImportantcompoundsTCATCATG+ (ATP)Co2co. (ATP]AdiposeGlycogen

Complex molecules of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins make up the food we eat. They’re digested…

Answered: High Yield The Fed State High Yield…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10P

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Similar questions

Serum concentrations of acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate increase dramatically after a 3-day fast primarily because of the increased rate of which of the following?A) Fatty acid oxidation in liverB) Fatty acid synthesis in liverC) Glycogenolysis in liverD) Glycolysis in skeletal muscleE) Protein degradation in skeletal muscle
Glucagon facilitates the adaptation of our body to fasting. Which enzymes of glucides (carbohydrates) metabolism are regulated, directly or undirectly, in response to the secretion of glucagon by pancreas?.
Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in hepatocytes (livercells), a- and b-cells in the pancreas, enterocytes (intestinalwall cells), and the hypothalamus (a control center in thebrain of numerous physiological processes). Explain whyglucokinase can perform this role.
Brieflyexplainthesignalingpathwaybywhichthelivercovertsthestoredcarbohydrateto glucose and transports it to blood at low blood glucose level. In your answer, the signal pathway, source of glucose, key enzymes and proteins should be described.
Stimulation of a certain Gs protein–coupled receptor activates protein kinase A (PKA). Predict the eff ect of PKA activation on the following substrates of PKA: (a) acetyl-CoA carboxylase, (b) glycogen synthase, (c) hormone-sensitive lipase, and (d) phosphorylase kinase.
Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also present. Why is this significant?
In the absence of food consumption, the rate of gluconeogenesis (GNG) tends to increase. Explain why this occurs and describe the range of substrates for GNG as fasting continues beyond 18 hours. asap
3. β-oxidation of higher fatty acids:3.1. tissue and intracellular localization of the process3.2. activation of fatty acids3.3. mechanism of fatty acids transport to mitochondria with theparticipation of carnitine
What is the physiologic significance of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?What's the biochemical basis for the management of diabetes mellitus and contrast glucose homeostasis in neonates and adults.
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…
In type I diabetes mellitus, excessive production of acetyl-CoA may surpass the body’s capacity to oxidize it. As a result, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone (ketone bodies) accumulate. When generated in large amounts, blood pH falls, thereby reducing the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Explain in general terms how high concentrations of ketone bodies may result in a fatal coma.
Alcohol consumption on an empty stomach results in some interesting biochemical as well as embarrassing behavioral alterations. We will ignore the lat t er. Gluconeogenesis falls; there are increases in intracellular ratios of lactate to pyruvate, of glycerol 3- phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, of glutamate to α - ketoglutarate , and of D-3- hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate. Hypoglycemia develops rapidly Blood pH also falls. Alcohol consumption by a well - fed individual does not lead to hypoglycemia or alteration in blood pH . (a) Why does ethanol consumption result in the altered ratios? (b) Why does hypoglycemia and blood acidosis result in the hungry individual? (c) Why does the well-fed person not experience hypoglycemia?

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