Boyle Company makes fine jewelry that it sells to department stores throughout the United States. Boyle is trying to decide which of the two bracelets to manufacture. Cost data pertaining to the two choices follow: Bracelet A Bracelet B $ 20 Cost of materials per unit Cost of labor per unit Advertising cost per year Annual depreciation on existing equipment 10 15 15 5,000 5,000 3,000 4,000 Required a. Identify the fixed costs and determine the amount of fixed cost for each product. b. Identify the variable costs and determine the amount of variable cost per unit for each product. c. Identify the avoidable costs and determine the amount of avoidable cost for each product.
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- Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)Hicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)Classify Costs Following is a list of various costs incurred in producing replacement automobile parts. With respect to the production and sale of these auto parts, classify each cost as either variable, fixed, or mixed. 1. Oil used in manufacturing equipment 2. Plastic 3. Property taxes, 165,000 per year on factory building and equipment 4. Salary of plant manager 5. Cost of labor for hourly workers 6. Packaging 7. Factory cleaning costs, 6,000 per month 8. Metal 9. Rent on warehouse, 10,000 per month plus 25 per square foot of storage used 10. Property insurance premiums, 3,600 per month plus 0.01 for each dollar of property over 1,200,000 11. Straight-line depreciation on the production equipment 12. Hourly wages of machine operators 13. Electricity costs, 0.20 per kilowatt-hour 14. Computer chip (purchased from a vendor) 15. Pension cost, 1.00 per employee hour on the job
- Ottis, Inc., uses 640,000 plastic housing units each year in its production of paper shredders. The cost of placing an order is 30. The cost of holding one unit of inventory for one year is 15.00. Currently, Ottis places 160 orders of 4,000 plastic housing units per year. Required: 1. Compute the economic order quantity. 2. Compute the ordering, carrying, and total costs for the EOQ. 3. How much money does using the EOQ policy save the company over the policy of purchasing 4,000 plastic housing units per order?One of the tennis rackets that Ace Sporting Goods manufactures is a titanium model (Slam) that sells for 149. The cost of each Slam consists of: Job 100 produced 100 Slams, of which six were spoiled and classified as seconds. Seconds are sold to discount stores for 50 each. Required: 1. Under the assumption that the loss from spoilage will be distributed to all jobs produced during the current period, use general journal entries to (a) record the costs of production, (b) put spoiled goods into inventory, and (c) record the cash sale of spoiled units. 2. Under the assumption that the loss due to spoilage will be charged to Job 100, use general journal entries to (a) record the costs of production, (b) put spoiled goods into inventory, and (c) record the cash sale of spoiled units.Self-Construction Olson Machine Company manufactures small and large milling machines. Selling prices of these machines range from 35,000 to 200,000. During the 5-month period from August 1, 2019, through December 31, 2019, Olson manufactured a milling machine for its own use. This machine was built as part of the regular production activities. The project required a large amount of time front planning and supervisory personnel, as well as that of some of the companys officers, because it was a more sophisticated type of machine than the regular production models. Throughout the 5-month period, Olson charged all costs directly associated with the construction of the machine to a special account entitled Asset Construction Account. An analysis of the charges to this account as of December 31, 2019, follows: Olson allocates factory overhead to normal production as a percent of direct labor dollars as follows: Olson uses a flat rate of 40% of direct labor dollars to allocate general and administrative overhead. During the machine testing period, a cutter head malfunctioned and did extensive damage to the machine table and one cutter housing. This damage was not anticipated and was the result of an error in the assembly operation. Although no additional raw materials were needed to make the machine operational after the accident, the following labor for rework was required: Olson has included all these labor charges in the asset construction account. In addition, it included in the account the repairs and maintenance charges of 1,340 that it incurred as a result of the malfunction. Required: 1. Compute, consistent with GAAP and common practice, the amount that Olson should capitalize for the milling machine as of December 31, 2019, when it declares the machine operational. 2. Next Level Identify the costs you included in Requirement 1 for which there are acceptable alternative procedures. Describe the alternative procedure(s) in each case.
- Classify costs Seymour Clothing Co. manufactures a variety of clothing types for distribution to several major retail chains. The following costs are incurred in the production and sale of blue jeans: Shipping boxes used to ship orders Consulting fee of 200,000 paid to industry specialist for marketing advice Straight-line depreciation on sewing machines Salesperson's salary, 10,000 plus 2% of the total sales Fabric Dye Thread Salary of designers Brass buttons Legal fees paid to attorneys in defense of the company in a patent infringement suit, 50,000 plus 87 per hour Insurance premiums on property, plant, and equipment, 70,000 per year plus 5 per 30,000 of insured value over 8,000,000 Rental costs of warehouse, 5,000 per month plus 4 per square foot of storage used Supplies Leather for patches identifying the brand on individual pieces of apparel Rent on plant equipment, 50,000 per year Salary of production vice president Janitorial services, 2,200 per month Wages of machine operators Electricity costs of 0.10 per kilowatt-hour Property taxes on property, plant, and equipment Instructions Classify the preceding costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed. Use the following tabular headings and place an X in the appropriate column. Identify each cost by letter in the cost column.The production of a new product required Zion Manufacturing Co. to lease additional plant facilities. Based on studies, the following data have been made available: Estimated annual sales24,000 units Selling expenses are expected to be 5% of sales, and net income is to amount to 2.00 per unit. Required: 1. Calculate the selling price per unit. (Hint: Let X equal the selling price and express selling expense as a percentage of X.) 2. Prepare an absorption costing income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016. 3. Calculate the break-even point expressed in dollars and in units, assuming that administrative expense and factory overhead are all fixed but other costs are fully variable.Variety Artisans has a bottleneck in their production that occurs within the engraving department. Arjun Naipul, the COO, is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $45,000 per year, to solve the problem. With this extra worker, the company could produce and sell 3,500 more units per year. Currently, the selling price per unit is $18 and the cost per unit is $5.85. Using the information provided, calculate the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker.
- Many different businesses employ markup on cost to arrive at a price. For each of the following situations, explain what the markup covers and why it is the amount that it is. a. Department stores have a markup of 100 percent of purchase cost. b. Jewelry stores charge anywhere from 100 percent to 300 percent of the cost of the jewelry. (The 300 percent markup is referred to as keystone.) c. Johnson Construction Company charges 12 percent on direct materials, direct labor, and subcontracting costs. d. Hamilton Auto Repair charges customers for direct materials and direct labor. Customers are charged 45 per direct labor hour worked on their job; however, the employees actually cost Hamilton 15 per hour.Rolertyme Company manufactures roller skates. With the exception of the rollers, all parts of the skates are produced internally. Neeta Booth, president of Rolertyme, has decided to make the rollers instead of buying them from external suppliers. The company needs 100,000 sets per year (currently it pays 1.90 per set of rollers). The rollers can be produced using an available area within the plant. However, equipment for production of the rollers would need to be leased (30,000 per year lease payment). Additionally, it would cost 0.50 per machine hour for power, oil, and other operating expenses. The equipment will provide 60,000 machine hours per year. Direct material costs will average 0.75 per set, and direct labor will average 0.25 per set. Since only one type of roller would be produced, no additional demands would be made on the setup activity. Other overhead activities (besides machining and setups), however, would be affected. The companys cost management system provides the following information about the current status of the overhead activities that would be affected. (The supply and demand figures do not include the effect of roller production on these activities.) The lumpy quantity indicates how much capacity must be purchased should any expansion of activity supply be needed. The purchase price is the cost of acquiring the capacity represented by the lumpy quantity. This price also represents the cost of current spending on existing activity supply (for each block of activity). Production of rollers would place the following demands on the overhead activities: Producing the rollers also means that the purchase of outside rollers will cease. Thus, purchase orders associated with the outside acquisition of rollers will drop by 5,000. Similarly, the moves for the handling of incoming orders will decrease by 200. The company has not inspected the rollers purchased from outside suppliers. Required: 1. Classify all resources associated with the production of rollers as flexible resources and committed resources. Label each committed resource as a short- or long-term commitment. How should we describe the cost behavior of these short- and long-term resource commitments? Explain. 2. Calculate the total annual resource spending (for all activities except for setups) that the company will incur after production of the rollers begins. Break this cost into fixed and variable activity costs. In calculating these figures, assume that the company will spend no more than necessary. What is the effect on resource spending caused by production of the rollers? 3. Refer to Requirement 2. For each activity, break down the cost of activity supplied into the cost of activity output and the cost of unused activity.Jean and Tom Perritz own and manage Happy Home Helpers. Inc. (HHH), a house-cleaning service. Each cleaning (cleaning one house one time) takes a team of three house cleaners about 1.5 hours. On average, HHH completes about 15,000 cleanings per year. The following total costs are associated with the total cleanings: Next year, HHH expects to purchase 25,600 of direct materials. Projected beginning and ending inventories for direct materials are as follows: There is no work-in-process inventory and no finished goods inventory; in other words, a cleaning is started and completed on the same day. Required: 1. Prepare a statement of cost of services sold in good form. 2. How does this cost of services sold statement differ from the cost of goods sold statement for a manufacturing firm?