Answered: Briefly discuss the pros and cons of…

Briefly discuss the pros and cons of having a nucleoid (as bacteria do) versus a double nuclear membrane surrounding the DNA (as in eukaryotes).

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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Concept explainers

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.

Question

Briefly discuss the pros and cons of having a nucleoid (as bacteria do) versus a double nuclear membrane surrounding the DNA (as in eukaryotes).
List and explain three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate.

Definition Definition Mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of itself. DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication. DNA replication is the most essential part of biological inheritance and is crucial for cell division during growth and repair of damaged tissues.

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Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
Identify two important enzymes involved in replication. Where does replication occur in the cell? What is the product of replication? Why is replication important to the cell and living organism? What is the process of copying DNA called?
Why is DNA replication is considered a semi-discontinuous process? Explain in detail.
With regard to DNA replication, define the term bidirectional replication.
Explain why DNA replication is called semiconservative.
List and explain three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate. Is this true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Explain your reasoning.
Explain the complexities of DNA replication that make the process (a) bidirectional and (b) continuous in one strand and discontinuous in the other.
Explain the function of an origin of replication in the replication of DNA, and know how the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in terms of the number of origins of replication on each chromosome. Explain why replication is different on the two strand at a replication fork, including: how these differences are related to the fact that DNA strands are synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction. what is meant by the terms bidirectional replication, and replication bubble. the role of the leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, continuous and discontinuous replication
List and describe the steps in prokaryotic DNA replication. How does this process appear to differ from eukaryotic DNA replication?
Describe three (3) effects on DNA replication if DNA polymerase could build DNA in both directions – in both the 5’ to 3’ direction and the 3’ to 5’ direction.
Which statement below best describes what these data might have demonstrated to Kornberg about the process of replication? CHOOSE ONE and explain the rationale behind your answer in a minimum of four sentences. A. Products of replication are DNA polymers. B. DNA Pol I-mediated replication is a high-fidelity (i.e., no mistakes) process C. DNA Pol III-mediated replication gives rise to two daughter strands, one which is made of only the original templates, and one of which is only newly synthesized polymer. D. In DNA, all 4 classes of nitrogenous bases are more or less equally represented E. A pairs with T and C pairs with G
Name of a few enzymes involved in DNA replication other than DSNA polymerase and ligase.name the key function each of them?