What is a true statement about the leading and lagging strands during DNA synthesis? The leading strand only utilizes DNA polymerase III during synthesis, while the lagging strand only utilizes DNA polymerase I The lagging strand is created due to DNA polymerase III only being able to synthesize in the 5'→ 3' direction, despite the template DNA strands being in antiparallel directions Unlike the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand, the leading strand does not require RNA primers to undergo synthesis Synthesis of the lagging strand does not require the function of topoisomerase, since the replication machinery is moving away from the replication fork None of the above

What is a true statement about the leading and lagging strands during DNA synthesis? The leading strand only utilizes DNA polymerase III during synthesis, while the lagging strand only utilizes DNA polymerase I The lagging strand is created due to DNA polymerase III only being able to synthesize in the 5'→ 3' direction, despite the template DNA strands being in antiparallel directions Unlike the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand, the leading strand does not require RNA primers to undergo synthesis Synthesis of the lagging strand does not require the function of topoisomerase, since the replication machinery is moving away from the replication fork None of the above

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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Sometimes DNA polymerase makes a mistake, and the wrong nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand. Withregard to pyrimidines and purines, two general types of mistakes are possible. The addition of an incorrectpyrimidine instead of the correct pyrimidine (e. g. adding cytosine where thymine should be added) is called atransition. If a pyrimidine is incorrectly added to the growing strand instead of purine (e.g. adding cytosine when anadenine should be added), this type of mistake is called a transversion. If a transition or transversion is not detected by DNA polymerase, a mutation is created the permanently changes the DNA sequence. Though both types of mutations are rare, transition mutations are more frequent than transversion mutations. What are at least three explanations as to why this is the case?
Sometimes DNA polymerase makes a mistake, and the wrong nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand. With regard to pyrimidines and purines, two general types of mistakes are possible. The addition of an incorrect pyrimidine instead of the correct pyrimidine (e.g., adding cytosine where thymine should be added) is called a transition. If a pyrimidine is incorrectly added to the growing strand instead of purine (e.g., adding cytosine where an adenine should be added), this type of mistake is called a transversion. If a transition or transversion is not detected by DNA polymerase, a mutation is created that permanently changes the DNA sequence. Though both types of mutations are rare, transition mutations are more frequent than transversion mutations. Based on your understanding of DNA replication and DNA polymerase, offer three explanations why transition mutations are more common.
How would nucleotide excision repair be affected if one of the followingproteins was missing? Describe the condition of the DNAif the repair was attempted in the absence of the protein.A. UvrAB. UvrCC. UvrDD. DNA polymerase
Ultraviolet light can cause covalent linkages between consecutive pyrimidine bases in DNA (up to 100 per second in a single cell in sunlight!). These bulky lesions (i.e. cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts), which inhibit DNA and RNA polymerases, are mostly reversed by CPD photolyase when light >300 nm is available to power the reaction. In the dark, however, which DNA repair system is best able to correct these errors? a) non-homologous end-joining b) mismatch repairc) nucleotide-excision repaird) base-excision repair e) homology-directed repair
If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?
This is the original strand of DNA: ATG AAG TTT GGC TAA - what would represent a frameshift mutation due to deletion during replication ?
Which of the following types of DNA damage would be hardest to repair using the DNA repair pathways?A. Complete removal of three nucleotides in the middle of one strand.B. A covalent bond between a base on one strand and a base on the complementary strand.C. Incorporation of a sugar other than deoxyribose into one strand.D. Covalent attachment of a short polypeptide to a single base.E. A covalent bond between a base and a deoxyribose on the same strand. Please explain why it's B
All known DNA polymerases catalyze synthesis only in the 5' → 3' direction. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA replication in the cell, they are able to catalyze the synthesis of both daughter chains, which would appear to require synthesis in the 3' → 5' direction on one strand. Explain the process that occurs in the cell that allows for synthesis of both daughter chains by DNA polymerase
If the following piece of the partially double stranded DNA: 5' ATCG 3' 3' TAGCGGCATCCG 5' and add DNA polymerase, dTTP,dGTP and dCTP, what will be the sequence of the nucleotides that will be added? A. 5' ATCGCCGTAGGC 3' B 5' GGCATCCG 3' C. 5' CCGT 3' D 5'CCGTAGGC 3' E 5'GGC 3'
A solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.
In the Meselson–Stahl experiment thatestablished the semiconservative nature of DNA replication,the extraction method produced short fragments of DNA. Whatsort of results might have been obtained with longer piecesof DNA?
List the steps in correct order of DNA mismatch repair in E. coli Group of answer choices Mut H; Mut L; Mut S; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand MutH; MutS; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand MutL; MutH; MutS; Mut H cleaves unmethylated nascent DNA strand Mut S; Mut H; Mut L; Mut H cleaves unmethylated new DNA strand