Consider a first-price auction to sell an object in which there are 3 bidders. Recall that in a first-price auction, the bidder who makes the highest bid wins. And the price he pays for the object is equal to his bid. Here, we also assume that if there is a tie, the bidder with the biggest index wins. For instance, if (b1.b2.b3)-(5,6,6), bidders 2 and 3 make the highest bids. The bidder who wins the object is bidder 3 because 3>2. We will also assume that the bids have to be integers. So, a bid can be 0,1.2.3. but it cannot be 3.67 or 5.2. Let the three bidders valuations of the object be vi-$10, v2-$15, v3-s20 Let the bids made by the three bidders be: (b1,b2.b3) (a) is the case when (b1,b2.b3)-(0,15,15) a Nash equilibrium? Explain why it is or it is not a Nash equilibrium. (b) is the case when (b1.b2.b3)-(0,14.15) a Nash equilibrium? Explain why it is or it is not a Nash equilibrium.
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- The Government of Malaca has decided to sell pollution permits that will allow people to discharge pollutants into its largest freshwater lake. Each permit represents the right to discharge one tonne of pollutants. Malaca has determined that the lake will tolerate a maximum of 40 tonnes of pollutants per year and has decided to sell the permits using a Dutch auction. This means that the auction starts at a very high price, which is reduced in steps until the price reaches a level that will result in all 40 tonnes of pollution permits being sold at the same price. The results of the bidding are shown in table below. Price per PollutionPermit BidderA BidderB BidderC BidderD BidderE $5,500 2 5,000 4 6 4,500 6 6 1 1 1 4,000 8 7 2 2 2 3,500 10 7 4 3 3 3,000 12 9 6 3 4 2,500 14 10 8 3 5 2,000 16 11 9 4 6 1,500 18 12 10 4 7 a. What will be the price of pollution permits as a result of this auction? Price: $ b. Suppose that Bidder E happened to be an…The mixed stratergy nash equalibrium consists of : the probability of firm A selecting October is 0.692 and probability of firm A selecting December is 0.309. The probability of firm B selecting October is 0.5 and probability of firm selecting December is 0.5. In the equilibrium you calculated above, what is the probability that both consoles are released in October? In December? What are the expected payoffs of firm A and of firm B in equilibrium?You are a pricing manager at Argyle Inc.—a medium-sized firm that recently introduced a new product into the market. Argyle’s only competitor is Baker Company, which is significantly smaller than Argyle. The management of Argyle has decided to pursue a short-term strategy of maximizing this quarter’s revenues, and you are in charge of formulating a strategy that will permit the firm to do so. After talking with an employee who was recently hired from the Baker Company, you are confident that (a) Baker is constrained to charge $10 or $20 for its product, (b) Baker’s goal is to maximize this quarter’s profits, and (c) Baker’s relevant unit costs are identical to yours. You have been authorized to price the product at two possible levels ($5 or $10) and know that your relevant costs are $2 per unit. The marketing department has provided the following information about the expected number of units sold (in millions) this quarter at various prices to help you formulate your decision: Argyle…
- You are a pricing manager at Argyle Inc.—a medium-sized firm that recently introduced a new product into the market. Argyle’s only competitor is Baker Company, which is significantly smaller than Argyle. The management of Argyle has decided to pursue a short-term strategy of maximizing this quarter’s revenues, and you are in charge of formulating a strategy that will permit the firm to do so. After talking with an employee who was recently hired from the Baker Company, you are confident that:(a) Baker is constrained to charge $10 or $20 for its product,(b) Baker’s goal is to maximize this quarter’s profits, and(c) Baker’s relevant unit costs are identical to yours.You have been authorized to price the product at two possible levels ($5 or $10) and know that your relevant costs are $2 per unit. The marketing department has provided the following information about the expected number of units sold (in millions) this quarter at various prices to help you formulate your decision:…Two players bargain over 1 unit of a divisible object. Bargaining starts with an offer of player 1, which player 2 either accepts or rejects. If player 2 rejects, then player 1 makes another offer; if player 2 rejects once more, then player 2 makes an offer. If player 1 rejects the offer of player 2, then once more it is the turn of player 1 where he makes two consecutive offers. As long as an agreement has not been reached this procedure continues. For example, suppose that agreement is reached at period 5, it follows that player 1 makes offers in period 1,2 then player 2 makes an o er in period 3, then player 1 makes offers in 4,5. Negotiations can continue indefinitely, agreement in period 't' with a division (x, 1- x) leads to payoffs ( , (1-x)).(The difference from Rubinstein's alternating offer bargaining is that player one makes two consecutive offers, whereas player 2 makes a single offer in her turn.) a. Show that there is a subgame perfect equilibrium in which player 2's…Q56 A Nash equilibrium is an outcome... a. Achieved by cooperation between players in the game. b. That is achieved by collusion where no party has an incentive to change their behaviour. c. Where each player's strategy depends on the behaviour of its opponents. d. That is achieved when players in the game have jointly maximized profits and divided those profits according to market share of each player. e. Where each player's best strategy is to maintain its present behaviour given the present behaviour of the other players.
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- CPT Inc. is a local manufacturer of conveyor systems. Last year, CPT sold over $2 million worth of conveyor systems that netted the company $100,000 in profits. Raw materials and labor are CPT’s biggest expenses. Spending on structural steel alone amounted to over $500,000, or 25 percent of total sales. In an effort to reduce costs, CPT now uses an online procurement procedure that is best described as a first-price, sealed-bid auction. The bidders in these auctions utilize the steel for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from art to skyscrapers. This suggests that bidders value the steel independently, although it is perceived that bidder valuations are evenly distributed between $4,000 and $21,000. You are the purchasing manager at CPT and are bidding on three tons of six-inch hot-rolled channel steel against 5 other bidders. Your company values the three tons of channel steel at $12,000. What is your optimal bid? Instruction: Enter your response rounded to the nearest penny (two…CPT Inc. is a local manufacturer of conveyor systems. Last year, CPT sold over $2 million worth of conveyor systems that netted the company $100,000 in profits. Raw materials and labor are CPT’s biggest expenses. Spending on structural steel alone amounted to over $500,000, or 25 percent of total sales. In an effort to reduce costs, CPT now uses an online procurement procedure that is best described as a first-price, sealed-bid auction. The bidders in these auctions utilize the steel for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from art to skyscrapers. This suggests that bidders value the steel independently, although it is perceived that bidder valuations are evenly distributed between $7,000 and $23,000. You are the purchasing manager at CPT and are bidding on three tons of six-inch hot-rolled channel steel against 5 other bidders. Your company values the three tons of channel steel at $12,000. What is your optimal bid?CPT Inc. is a local manufacturer of conveyor systems. Last year, CPT sold over $2 million worth of conveyor systems that netted the company $100,000 in profits. Raw materials and labor are CPT’s biggest expenses. Spending on structural steel alone amounted to over $500,000, or 25 percent of total sales. In an effort to reduce costs, CPT now uses an online procurement procedure that is best described as a first-price, sealed-bid auction. The bidders in these auctions utilize the steel for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from art to skyscrapers. This suggests that bidders value the steel independently, although it is perceived that bidder valuations are evenly distributed between $8,000 and $25,000. You are the purchasing manager at CPT and are bidding on three tons of six-inch hot-rolled channel steel against four other bidders. Your company values the three tons of channel steel at $16,000. What is your optimal bid?