Consider a setting of two competing firms F1 and F2. Both firms maximize their profits and provide a homogeneous ouput q; with (i = 1, 2) at market price p. Assume market clearing prices and non-negative outputs. Assume further, that the firms engage in quantity competition. The inverse market demand function is: p(q) = 41 – q, where q = q1 + 92 The cost functions are: C1 = 2q1, C2 = % Assume F2 is the dominant firm. a) Should F2 prefer to play Cournot duopoly or Stackelberg competition in a one shot game?
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- Two firms, A and B, face an inverse market demand function of P = 1200 - 4Q. Each firm has the same cost function Ci = 20qi. Assume the A and B are Stackelberg competitors, and that A is the leader. Derive from profit functions the equilibrium prices, quantities, and profits for A and B. How does the methodology for solving the Stackelberg problem differ from the method for solving the Cournot problem? Why?Suppose two firms face market demand of P=150-Q, where . Both firms have the same unit cost of C, C= 22. Assume the firms compete a la Stackelberg. Firm 1 is the leader and Firm 2 is the follower in this market. What is the follower’s total revenue function? Determine the equilibrium output level for both the leader and the follower. Determine the equilibrium market price. Determine the profits of the leader and the follower.Consider two firms, i = 1; 2, producing differentiated products and engaged in Cournot a. Given the market demands, what are the best-response functions of the two firms? b. Draw the best-response functions both for complements (d 0). c. Compute the Cournot equilibrium quantities and prices in this market. d. Compare the outcome between substitutes and complements goods. e. What are the profit-maximizing quantities and prices if firm i is a monopolist in this market? Compare with part c.
- (Cournot competition with different marginal costs) Our best estimate for total marketdemand in a given market is P 1000-2Q. Two firms (1 and 2) are competing in this market in quantities, choosing Q1 and Q2 simultaneously. Firm 1 has marginalcost equal to c1 = 100 and Firm 2 produces at marginal cost c2 = 200. (a) Write down the profits of both firms and and their best response functions. (b) Find the Cournot - Nash equilibrium in quantities, and calculate equilibrium profits for both firms. (c) Suppose that each firm has the option, at a previous stage, to invest in an R&D project that will reduce its marginal cost of production by 50% if successful. What is the value of this innovation to each firm? Given that R&D costs and successprobabilities are equal, which one has greater incentives to invest in R&D ? You can think in terms of per - period profits to set aside timing issues.Initially there are six firms producing differentiated products. The demand function for the good produced by firm i, i=1,2..,6, is given by qi = 10-2pi+0.3 summation pj where the sum is taken over the five prices other than firm i. Each firm has the same marginal cost c. The firms choose prices simultaneously; that is, they are differentiated products Bertrand competitors. (a) Solve for the symmetric Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Suppose that you observe each firm to set a price of 4.8. What must c be? (c) Suppose that two of the six firms merge to become a single firm. The firm continues to produce both goods. Using the marginal cost you found in (b), derive the new post-merger Nash equilibrium prices.Reference the following information about the market demand function for questions 1 to 15. These questions are on different types of market structures – monopoly, perfect competition, Cournot oligopoly market, and the Stackelberg oligopoly market. The market demand function is given the following equation: P = 2000 – Q where Q is the industry’s output level. Suppose initially this market is served by a single firm. Let the total cost function of this firm be given the function C(Q) = 200Q. The firm’s marginal cost of production (MC) is equal to the firm’s average cost (AC): MC = AC = 200. What is the difference in the industry output levels produced by the perfectly competitive industry (Qc) and the monopoly (Qm) industry? Group of answer choices Qc - Qm = 900 units Qc - Qm = 1800 units Qc - Qm = - 900 units Qc - Qm = 600 units
- In the packaged energy drink industry, there are only two companies that have the same relative strength in the market, namely “Pocary” and “Ion-1000”. It is known that the demand function in the market for this industry is as follows: Q = 1000 - 0.1P. Where Q in the market is supplied by these 2 companies. It is known that the total cost of the company is TC = 2q2 while for Ion-1000 is TC = 2.5q2 a. If these 2 companies collude, what is the price and quantity offered in the market at equilibrium, and calculate the profit of each company? b. If these 2 companies compete, look for the best respond function of each company, and what is the price and quantity offered in the market at equilibrium, and calculate the profit of each company? c. Make it in the game theory form of the two strategies "Collusion" and "Compete" and look for "Nash Equilibrium" in just one game? (Note, if one is a collusion strategy, then the quantity produced collusion strategy is the same as the calculation result…Consider Cournot competition with n identical firms. Suppose that the inverse demand function is linear with P(X) = a - bX, where X is total industry output, a; b > 0. Each firm has a linear cost function of the form C(x) = cx, where x stands for per firm output. It is assumed that a > c. a. At the symmetric equilibrium, what are the industry output and price levels? What are the equilibrium per firm output and profit levels? What is the equilibrium social welfare (defined as the difference between the area under the demand function and total cost)? b. Now let m out of n firms merge. Show that the merger is profitable for the m merged firms if and only if it involves a pre-merger market share of 80 percent. c. Show that each of the (n – m) non merged firms is better off after the merger. d. Show that the m-firm merger increases industry price and also lowers consumer welfare.Suppose two firms are the sole producers of widget in West Africa, and they are faced with a market demand function given as P = 40 - 20Q While Dally Limited is located in Nigeria, Joy Manufacturing operates from Ghana. The firms' total cost function is given as TC = 12 + Q a.) Determine the output and profit for each firm under Cournot's assumptions. b.) To aid Joy Manufacturing increase its output to the Stackelberg leader's output level, the Ghanaian government plans to support the firm with subsidies. In monetary terms what should be the value of the subsidy that will make Joy Manufacturing the leading firm in the market? c.) Assume the fims now operates under Stackelberg' s assumptions, with Joy Manufacturing as the leader, determine output and profit for each firm.
- Two firms produce a homogeneous good and compete in price. Prices can only take integer values. The demand curve is Q = 6 p, where p denotes the lower of the two prices. The lower - priced firm meets all the market demand. If the two firms post the same price p, each one gets half the market demand at that price, i. e., each gets (6p)/2. Production cost is zero.a) Show that the best response to your rival posting a price of 6 is to post the monopoly price of 3. What is the best response against a rival's price of 4? of 5?Consider an inverse market demand P= 200 − 2Q. Suppose there are two firms in the market, firm 1 and 2 have constant marginal and average cost MC = AC= 20. Suppose that firm 1 is a Stackelberg leader, (i.e., it determines its output before firm 2.) Determine the Stackelberg equilibrium outputs and profits.Suppose a single firm produces all of the output in a contestable market. Analysts determine that the market inverse demand function is P = 400 -4Q, and the firm’s cost function is C(Q) = 16Q. Determine the firm’s equilibrium price and corresponding profits.Price: $ Profits: $