genetics oT theANALYZING PEDIGREESFamily histories are used to analyze traits in humans. Humans cannot be crossed at will like pea plantsor maize! These family histories are represented as pedigrees where couplings and offspring arenoted. Evaluate the two pedigrees below.Cystic Fibrosis:Normal maleKeyMale with cfO Normal femaleFemale with cfHuntington's Disease:HhhhHhHhhhhhhhTemale with HD (HO Nermal Female (h)HhMale with HD th)hhO Normal Male (hh)Q11: What features characterize pedigrees of dominant traits?Q12: What features characterize pedigrees of recessive traits?4 |Page

A pedigree is a tree representation which determines how traits passes from one generation to other…

Cystic Fibrosis: Normal male Key Male with ef Normal female Female with cf 10 Huntington's Disease: Hh hh hh Hh Hh hh hh hh female with HD Nermal female hh) Male with HD h) hh Normal Male (hh) Q11: What features characterize pedigrees of dominant traits? Q12: What features characterize pedigrees of recessive traits? 4 |Page

Cystic Fibrosis: Normal male Key Male with ef Normal female Female with cf 10 Huntington's Disease: Hh hh hh Hh Hh hh hh hh female with HD Nermal female hh) Male with HD h) hh Normal Male (hh) Q11: What features characterize pedigrees of dominant traits? Q12: What features characterize pedigrees of recessive traits? 4 |Page

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter4: Pedigree Analysis In Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14QP: Analysis of Autosomal Recessive and Dominant Traits Huntington disease is a rare, fatal disease that...

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Single gene Mendelian inheritance patterns: if you are told the phenotype of the parents and whether the trait is dominant or recessive etc, be able to predict the genotype of the children. If you are told the phenotype of the parent as well as the inheritance pattern, be able to predict the parent’s genotype. Be able to set up and use a Punnett square to solve problems and make predictions. Be able to explain the major steps in how information from our genes is used to make proteins. Or to show it in a labeled diagram. Be able to explain whatis transcription, translation. Where in the cell do these processes occur? In what order? What type of molecules are being made [DNA, RNA, protein]? What are their building blocks? What is a mutation? How can a mutation in DNA cause a change in a protein? (use the following terms to answer: codon, transcription, translation, mRNA). What is gene expression? Why is regulation of gene expression important for normal…
Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This defect is caused by a number of genes but appears to be phenotypically distributed in a noncontinuous fashion. Geneticists use the threshold model to explain the occurrence of this defect. Explain this model. Explain predisposition to the defect in an individual who has a genotypic liability above the threshold versus an individual who has a liability below the threshold.
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More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Determine the possible genotypes of the following parents by analyzing the phenotypes of their children. In this case, we will assume that brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b) and that right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). a. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed brown eyes, right-handed Offspring: 3/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed b. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, right-handed Offspring: 6/16 blue eyes, right-handed 2/16 blue eyes, left-handed 6/16 brown eyes, right-handed 2/16 brown eyes, left-handed c. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, left-handed Offspring: 1/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 brown eyes, left-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, left-handed
Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single Traits An unspecified characteristic controlled by a single gene is examined in pea plants. Only two phenotypic states exist for this trait. One phenotypic state is completely dominant to the other. A heterozygous plant is self-crossed. What proportion of the progeny of plants exhibiting the dominant phenotype is homozygous?
Analysis of Autosomal Recessive and Dominant Traits Huntington disease is a rare, fatal disease that usually develops in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is caused by a single autosomal dominant allele. A phenotypically normal man in his twenties who has a 2-year-old son of his own learns that his father has developed Huntington disease. What is the probability that he himself will develop the disease? What is the chance that his young son will eventually develop the disease?
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A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: How many total gene pairs are involved in the inheritance of both eye color and croaking?
A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: Assign gene symbols for all phenotypes, and indicate the genotypes of the P1, F1, and F2 frogs.
A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: After many years, the frog geneticist isolated true-breeding lines of all six F2 phenotypes. Indicate the F1 and F2 phenotypic ratios of a cross between a blue, mutterer anda purple, utterer.
Human geneticists have found the Finnish populationto be very useful for studies of a variety of conditions.The population is small; Finns have extensive churchrecords documenting lineages; and few people havemigrated into Finland. The frequency of some recessive disorders is higher in the Finnish population thanelsewhere in the world, and diseases such as PKU andcystic fibrosis that are common elsewhere do not occur in the Finnish population.a. How would a population geneticist explain thesevariations in disease occurrence?b. The Finnish population is also a source ofinformation for the study of quantitative traits. Thegenetic basis of schizophrenia is one question that canbe explored in this population. What advantage(s) anddisadvantage(s) can you imagine for studying complex traits based on the Finnish population structure?
The genetic variability of the Giddings children started out asmutations that occurred thousands of years ago. Take haircolor: Our distant ancestors probably all had dark hair, its colorcontrolled by multiple genes located on several different chromosomes.The alleles that produced Tess’s blond hair originatedas mutations in genes that control the amount and type of hairpigment. Tess probably inherited only “pale hair” alleles of all ofthese genes, so for any given hair color gene, she has the samepale hair allele on both homologous chromosomes. Chris, on theother hand, inherited both dark and pale hair alleles for at leastsome of the genes, so his homologues have different alleles. Aswe will see in Chapter 11, in many cases one allele (in this case,the dark hair allele) overrides the effects of the other allele (thepale hair allele), so Chris has black hair. What combinations ofalleles might have been packaged in Tess’s eggs and Chris’ssperm, which would combine to produce their…