Discuss how Paul Boyer’s 18O exchange experiment helped to elucidate the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. Discuss the experimental details. Chemical equations are essential. Discuss the results of his experiments. What did he expect to see? What was surprising about these results? What conclusions did he draw about the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase?
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Discuss how Paul Boyer’s 18O exchange experiment helped to elucidate the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase.
- Discuss the experimental details. Chemical equations are essential.
- Discuss the results of his experiments. What did he expect to see? What was surprising about these results?
- What conclusions did he draw about the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase?
paul boyer was born in 1918. he received a noble prize in 1997 for his work on ATP synthase. he focused work on ATP synthase and how the enzyme assists in ATP production. in the early 1970s, he discovered energy input is not used to produce ATP but is used to promote the release of already formed ATP, which later became the main postulate in the Binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis. during 1980's he discovered the catalytic cooperativity of the subunits of ATP synthase.
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