Answered: "DNA polymerase I serves a secondary…

"DNA polymerase I serves a secondary function in vivo,now believed to be critical to the maintenance of fidelityof DNA synthesis" Explain this statement ?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2P: The Enzymatic Activities of DNA Polymerase I (a) What are the respective roles of the 5 -exonudease...

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Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.

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"DNA polymerase I serves a secondary function in vivo,
now believed to be critical to the maintenance of fidelity
of DNA synthesis" Explain this statement ?

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"Polymerase binding is never very efficient unless CAP is alsopresent to facilitate the process". Explain this ?
If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?
What are the requirements for in vitro synthesis of DNA under thedirection of DNA polymerase I?
The 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity of Pol I excises only unpaired 3′-terminal nucleotides from DNA, whereas this enzyme’s pyrophosphorolysis activity removes only properly paired 3′-terminal nucleotides. Discuss the mechanistic signifi cance of this phenomenon in terms of the polymerase reaction.
It was once thought that the DNA polymerase machinery moves along DNA in a manner analogous to a train on a track. Current evidence indicates that the polymerizing machinery is instead stationary and that the DNA strands are pumped through the complex. What advantages does this stationary mechanism have?
Examination of the structure of DNA polymerases bound to nucleotide analogs reveals that conserved residues come within van der Waals contact of C-2' of the bound nucleotide. What is the potential significance of this interaction?
Polymerases usually add only about 10 nucleotides toa DNA strand before dissociating. However, during replication, DNA pol III can add tens of thousands ofnucleotides at a moving fork. How is this additionaccomplished?
E. coli DNA polymerase V has the ability to bypass thymine dimers. However, Pol V tends to incorporate G rather than A opposite the damaged T bases. Would you expect Pol V to be more or less processive than Pol III? Explain.
Polymerases usually add only about 10 nucleotides to a DNA strand before dissociating. However, during replication, DNA pol III can add tens of thousands of nucleotides at a moving fork. How is this addition accomplished?
Describe an experimental approach to determining the processivity of a DNA polymerase (i.e., the number of nucleotides incorporated per chain per polymerase binding event).
PolyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) plays a keyrole in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. In the pres-ence of the PARP inhibitor olaparib, single-strand breaksaccumulate. When a replication fork encounters a sin-gle-strand break, it converts it to a double-strand break,which in normal cells is then repaired by homologousrecombination. In cells defective for homologous recom-bination, however, inhibition of PARP triggers cell death.Patients who have only one functional copy of theBrca1 gene, which is required for homologous recombina-tion, are at much higher risk for cancer of the breast andovary. Cancers that arise in these tissues in these patientscan be treated successfully with olaparib. Explain how it isthat treatment with olaparib kills the cancer cells in thesepatients, but does not harm their normal cells.
Although DNA polymerases require both a template and a primer, the following single-stranded polynucleotide was found to serve as a substrate for DNA polymerase in the absence of any additional DNA.