1.6 For each research project listed here, identify the var-iables and classify them in terms of level of measure-ment, and whether they are discrete or continuous. Iseach variable independent or dependent?a. For a research project in a political science course,a student collected information for 50 nations. Sheused infant mortality rates as a measure of qualityof life and the percentage of all adults who are per-mitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Herhypothesis was that quality of life is higher in moredemocratic nations.b. A highway engineer wonders whether increasingthe speed limit on a heavily traveled highway willresult in more accidents. He plans to collect infor-mation on traffic volume, number of accidents,and number of fatalities for the six-month periodsbefore and after the speed limit is changed.e. Students are planning a program to promote "safesex" and awareness of other health concerns oncampus. To measure the effectiveness of the pro-gram, they plan to survey students about theirknowledge of safe sex practices before and afterthe program.d. A graduate student asks 500 female studentswhether they have experienced any sexual harass-ment on campus. Each student is asked to estimatethe frequency of these incidents as either "often,sometimes, rarely, or never." The researcher alsogathers data on age and major to see whether thereis any connection between these variables and fre-quency of sexual harassment.e. A supervisor in the solid waste management divi-sion of city government is assessing two differ-ent methods of trash collection. One area of thecity is served by trucks with two-man crews whodo "backyard" pickups, and the rest of the city is served by "high-tech" single-person trucks withcurbside pickup. The assessment measures includethe number of complaints received from thetwo different areas over a six-month period, theamount of time per day required to service eacharea, and the cost per ton of trash collected.f. Does tolerance for diversity vary by race or eth-nicity? Samples of white, black, Asian, Hispanic,and Native Americans have been given a surveythat measures their interest in and appreciation ofcultures other than their own.g. States have drastically cut their budgets for men-tal health care. Will this increase the number ofhomeless people? A researcher contacts a numberof agencies serving the homeless in each state anddevelops an estimate of the size of the homelesspopulation before and after the cuts.h. The adult bookstore near campus has been raidedand closed by the police. Your social research classhas decided to poll a sample of students to findout: whether he or she supports the store's closing,how many times each has visited the store, andwhether he or she agrees that "pornography causessexual assaults on women." The class also collectsinformation on the gender, political philosophy,and major of the students.

Question

1.6 For each research project listed here, identify the var-iables and classify them in terms of level of measure-ment, and whether they are discrete or continuous. Iseach variable independent or dependent?a. For a research project in a political science course,a student collected information for 50 nations. Sheused infant mortality rates as a measure of qualityof life and the percentage of all adults who are per-mitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Herhypothesis was that quality of life is higher in moredemocratic nations.b. A highway engineer wonders whether increasingthe speed limit on a heavily traveled highway willresult in more accidents. He plans to collect infor-mation on traffic volume, number of accidents,and number of fatalities for the six-month periodsbefore and after the speed limit is changed.e. Students are planning a program to promote &#34;safesex&#34; and awareness of other health concerns oncampus. To measure the effectiveness of the pro-gram, they plan to survey students about theirknowledge of safe sex practices before and afterthe program.d. A graduate student asks 500 female studentswhether they have experienced any sexual harass-ment on campus. Each student is asked to estimatethe frequency of these incidents as either &#34;often,sometimes, rarely, or never.&#34; The researcher alsogathers data on age and major to see whether thereis any connection between these variables and fre-quency of sexual harassment.e. A supervisor in the solid waste management divi-sion of city government is assessing two differ-ent methods of trash collection. One area of thecity is served by trucks with two-man crews whodo &#34;backyard&#34; pickups, and the rest of the city is served by &#34;high-tech&#34; single-person trucks withcurbside pickup. The assessment measures includethe number of complaints received from thetwo different areas over a six-month period, theamount of time per day required to service eacharea, and the cost per ton of trash collected.f. Does tolerance for diversity vary by race or eth-nicity? Samples of white, black, Asian, Hispanic,and Native Americans have been given a surveythat measures their interest in and appreciation ofcultures other than their own.g. States have drastically cut their budgets for men-tal health care. Will this increase the number ofhomeless people? A researcher contacts a numberof agencies serving the homeless in each state anddevelops an estimate of the size of the homelesspopulation before and after the cuts.h. The adult bookstore near campus has been raidedand closed by the police. Your social research classhas decided to poll a sample of students to findout: whether he or she supports the store's closing,how many times each has visited the store, andwhether he or she agrees that &#34;pornography causessexual assaults on women.&#34; The class also collectsinformation on the gender, political philosophy,and major of the students.

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