p1 For example, Master Chemicals produces bottles of a cleaning lubricant. The activity levels and theattached costs are shown below:Batch Number of Bottles Cost (S)14,10066,00023,60053,00033,20052,10042,86048,23051,95036,75061,02033,000758017,000Required: On the basis of above data, determine the cost function using the least squares regressionmethod and calculate the total cost at activity levels of 6,000 and 10,000 bottles.

The least-square method helps to distinguish between the fixed and variable cost by plotting all the…

For example, Master Chemicals produces bottles of a cleaning lubricant. The activity levels and the attached costs are shown below: Batch Number of Bottles Cost (S) 1 4,100 66,000 2 3,600 53,000 3 3,200 52,100 2,860 48,230 5 1,950 36,750 6 1,020 33,000 7 580 17,000 Required: On the basis of above data, determine the cost function using the least squares regression method and calculate the total cost at activity levels of 6,000 and 10,000 bottles.

For example, Master Chemicals produces bottles of a cleaning lubricant. The activity levels and the attached costs are shown below: Batch Number of Bottles Cost (S) 1 4,100 66,000 2 3,600 53,000 3 3,200 52,100 2,860 48,230 5 1,950 36,750 6 1,020 33,000 7 580 17,000 Required: On the basis of above data, determine the cost function using the least squares regression method and calculate the total cost at activity levels of 6,000 and 10,000 bottles.

Principles of Accounting Volume 2

19th Edition

ISBN:9781947172609

Author:OpenStax

Publisher:OpenStax

Chapter6: Activity-based, Variable, And Absorption Costing

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11EA: Potterii sells its products to large box stores and recently added a retail line of products to sell...

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Patterson Company produces wafers for integrated circuits. Data for the most recent year are provided: aCalculated using number of dies as the single unit-level driver. bCalculated by multiplying the consumption ratio of each product by the cost of each activity. Required: 1. Using the five most expensive activities, calculate the overhead cost assigned to each product. Assume that the costs of the other activities are assigned in proportion to the cost of the five activities. 2. Calculate the error relative to the fully specified ABC product cost and comment on the outcome. 3. What if activities 1, 2, 5, and 8 each had a cost of 650,000 and the remaining activities had a cost of 50,000? Calculate the cost assigned to Wafer A by a fully specified ABC system and then by an approximately relevant ABC approach. Comment on the implications for the approximately relevant approach.
Pinter Company had the following environmental activities and product information: 1. Environmental activity costs 2. Driver data 3. Other production data Required: 1. Calculate the activity rates that will be used to assign environmental costs to products. 2. Determine the unit environmental and unit costs of each product using ABC. 3. What if the design costs increased to 360,000 and the cost of toxic waste decreased to 750,000? Assume that Solvent Y uses 6,000 out of 12,000 design hours. Also assume that waste is cut by 50 percent and that Solvent Y is responsible for 14,250 of 15,000 pounds of toxic waste. What is the new environmental cost for Solvent Y?
Potterii sells its products to large box stores and recently added a retail line of products to sell directly to consumers. These estimates are to be used in determining the overhead allocation rate for ABC: What would be the predetermined rate for each cost pool?
Benson Pharmaceuticals uses a process-costing system to compute the unit costs of the over-the-counter cold remedies that it produces. It has three departments: mixing, encapsulating, and bottling. In mixing, the ingredients for the cold capsules are measured, sifted, and blended (with materials assumed to be uniformly added throughout the process). The mix is transferred out in gallon containers. The encapsulating department takes the powdered mix and places it in capsules (which are necessarily added at the beginning of the process). One gallon of powdered mix converts into 1,500 capsules. After the capsules are filled and polished, they are transferred to bottling, where they are placed in bottles that are then affixed with a safety seal, lid, and label. Each bottle receives 50 capsules. During March, the following results are available for the first two departments: Overhead in both departments is applied as a percentage of direct labor costs. In the mixing department, overhead is 200% of direct labor. In the encapsulating department, the overhead rate is 150% of direct labor. Required: 1. Prepare a production report for the mixing department using the weighted average method. Follow the five steps outlined in the chapter. (Note: Round to two decimal places for the unit cost.) 2. Prepare a production report for the encapsulating department using the weighted average method. Follow the five steps outlined in the chapter. (Note: Round to four decimal places for the unit cost.) 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Explain why the weighted average method is easier to use than FIFO. Explain when weighted average will give about the same results as FIFO.
Abernathy, Inc., produces two different generators and is concerned about their quality. The company has identified the following quality activities and costs associated with the two products: Required: 1. Calculate the quality cost per unit for each product, and break this unit cost into quality cost categories. Which of the two seems to have the lowest quality? 2. How might a manager use the unit quality cost information?
For E2-17, prepare any journal entries that would have been different if the only trigger points had been the purchase of materials and the sale of finished goods. Davis Co. uses backflush costing to account for its manufacturing costs. The trigger points are the purchase of materials, the completion of goods, and the sale of goods. Prepare journal entries to account for the following: a. Purchased raw materials, on account, 70,000. b. Requisitioned raw materials to production, 70,000. c. Distributed direct labor costs, 15,000. d. Factory overhead costs incurred, 45,000. (Use Various Credits for the account in the credit part of the entry.) e. Completed all of the production started. f. Sold the completed production for 195,000, on account. (Hint: Use a single account for raw materials and work in process.)
Sanford, Inc., has developed value-added standards for four activities: purchasing parts, receiving parts, moving parts, and setting up equipment. The activities, the activity drivers, the standard and actual quantities, and the price standards for 20x1 are as follows: The actual prices paid per unit of each activity driver were equal to the standard prices. Required: 1. Prepare a cost report that lists the value-added, non-value-added, and actual costs for each activity. 2. Which activities are non-value-added? Explain why. Also, explain why value-added activities can have non-value-added costs.
Method of Least Squares, Predicting Cost for Different Time Periods from the One Used to Develop a Cost Formula Refer to the information for Farnsworth Company on the previous page. However, assume that Tracy has used the method of least squares on the receiving data and has gotten the following results: Required: 1. Using the results from the method of least squares, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. 2. Using the formula from Requirement 1, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a month in which 1,450 receiving orders are processed? (Note: Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) 3. Prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity for a quarter. Based on this formula, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a quarter in which 4,650 receiving orders are anticipated? Prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity for a year. Based on this formula, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a year in which 18,000 receiving orders are anticipated?
Cicleta Manufacturing has four activities: receiving materials, assembly, expediting products, and storing goods. Receiving and assembly are necessary activities; expediting and storing goods are unnecessary. The following data pertain to the four activities for the year ending 20x1 (actual price per unit of the activity driver is assumed to be equal to the standard price): Required: 1. Prepare a cost report for the year ending 20x1 that shows value-added costs, non-value-added costs, and total costs for each activity. 2. Explain why expediting products and storing goods are non-value-added activities. 3. What if receiving cost is a step-fixed cost with each step being 1,500 orders whereas assembly cost is a variable cost? What is the implication for reducing the cost of waste for each activity?
Evans, Inc., has a unit-based costing system. Evanss Miami plant produces 10 different electronic products. The demand for each product is about the same. Although they differ in complexity, each product uses about the same labor time and materials. The plant has used direct labor hours for years to assign overhead to products. To help design engineers understand the assumed cost relationships, the Cost Accounting Department developed the following cost equation. (The equation describes the relationship between total manufacturing costs and direct labor hours; the equation is supported by a coefficient of determination of 60 percent.) Y=5,000,000+30X,whereX=directlaborhours The variable rate of 30 is broken down as follows: Because of competitive pressures, product engineering was given the charge to redesign products to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. Using the above cost relationships, product engineering adopted the strategy of redesigning to reduce direct labor content. As each design was completed, an engineering change order was cut, triggering a series of events such as design approval, vendor selection, bill of materials update, redrawing of schematic, test runs, changes in setup procedures, development of new inspection procedures, and so on. After one year of design changes, the normal volume of direct labor was reduced from 250,000 hours to 200,000 hours, with the same number of products being produced. Although each product differs in its labor content, the redesign efforts reduced the labor content for all products. On average, the labor content per unit of product dropped from 1.25 hours per unit to one hour per unit. Fixed overhead, however, increased from 5,000,000 to 6,600,000 per year. Suppose that a consultant was hired to explain the increase in fixed overhead costs. The consultants study revealed that the 30 per hour rate captured the unit-level variable costs; however, the cost behavior of other activities was quite different. For example, setting up equipment is a step-fixed cost, where each step is 2,000 setup hours, costing 90,000. The study also revealed that the cost of receiving goods is a function of the number of different components. This activity has a variable cost of 2,000 per component type and a fixed cost that follows a step-cost pattern. The step is defined by 20 components with a cost of 50,000 per step. Assume also that the consultant indicated that the design adopted by the engineers increased the demand for setups from 20,000 setup hours to 40,000 setup hours and the number of different components from 100 to 250. The demand for other non-unit-level activities remained unchanged. The consultant also recommended that management take a look at a rejected design for its products. This rejected design increased direct labor content from 250,000 hours to 260,000 hours, decreased the demand for setups from 20,000 hours to 10,000 hours, and decreased the demand for purchasing from 100 component types to 75 component types, while the demand for all other activities remained unchanged. Required: 1. Using normal volume, compute the manufacturing cost per labor hour before the year of design changes. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 2. Using normal volume after the one year of design changes, compute the manufacturing cost per hour. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 3. Before considering the consultants study, what do you think is the most likely explanation for the failure of the design changes to reduce manufacturing costs? Now use the information from the consultants study to explain the increase in the average cost per unit of product. What changes would you suggest to improve Evanss efforts to reduce costs? 4. Explain why the consultant recommended a second look at a rejected design. Provide computational support. What does this tell you about the strategic importance of cost management?
For each of the following costs, check the type that most likely apply (both variable and fixed might apply for some costs). - Product Costs - Direct - Indirect - Period - Variable - Fixed a) Raw materials b) Staples used to secure packed boxes of product c) Plant janitors wages d) Order processing clerks wages e) Advertising expenses f) Production workers wages g) Production supervisors salaries
The following information has been extracted from the cost accounting information system database for Casio Ltd. The company manufactures Casio Calculators. The cost accountant wants to carry out some analysis on the following 5 costs to ascertain the behavior of the costs. The cost accountant extracted the values of the 5 costs at three activity levels of 24,000 units,30,000 units and 36,000 units. (Note: The cost accountant intends to use the units produced as the activity level in the cost analysis. Required: i) Using the information provided in the above table identify and explain how you classify each of the above costs according to behavior of cost approach. ii) From the above classification in (i) calculate the fixed cost for any mixed cost that is identified from the above 5 costs using the high-low cost estimation method.