Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 1. classify the fatty acids as essential or non-essential and also as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
Q: 4. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes in an experiment. Ifthe glucose was…
A: Triglyceride molecules are the most common way for fatty acids to be stored and transported within…
Q: rounds of beta-oxidation are needed to oxidize the fatty acid
A:
Q: 4. structure of a monoacylglycerol (MAG) 5. structure of the product of the reaction catalysed by…
A: Lipids are mainly found as triacylglycerols. These have glycerol molecule esterified to three fatty…
Q: Amylose n + Water → Amylosen-1 + Glucose (See attached image of chemical reaction for the…
A: Starch is made up of monomers of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a…
Q: 1. ATP ACCOUNTING Provide what is being asked for. Show all relevant calculations and summarize your…
A: Complete Oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids like 17:0 fatty acid (given in the question) requires…
Q: 5-phosphate) and an aldopentose (ribose-5-phosphate) to an aldotriose (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)…
A: TPP is the co-enzyme of this reaction where the enzyme is transketolase. The products that are…
Q: Comparing stearate to palmitate, concerning beta oxidation, how many more ATP will be formed from…
A: After each cycle of beta oxidation, the fatty acid gets reduced by 2 Carbons and the end products…
Q: or 41. Why are ATP's phosphoanhydride bonds high energy? Why is ATP hydrolysis to be so favorable?
A:
Q: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The…
A: Glycolysis is the first step by which glucose is broken down by the body to release energy.…
Q: ACTIVITY-1. Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? Explain your reasoning. A C D но. ÇH2OH…
A: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are macromolecules which are made up of carbon,…
Q: 1. Oxidation states of carbon serve as an informal measure of the amount of potential chemical…
A: The oxidation-reduction reaction is also called the Redox reaction. This reaction involves…
Q: 1. Fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria as fatty acyl-carnitine rather than fatty…
A: The synthesis of fatty acid occurs in the cytosol of a cell. The process includes the repeated…
Q: Glycogen is highly branched. What advantage, if any, does this provide an animal?
A: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose. When there is an excess amount of glucose in the blood it is…
Q: How are the following enzymes involved in the anabolism of fatty acids? (please include structure,…
A: All animals and plants synthesize fatty acids known as triacylglycerol. In animals , it is…
Q: Phosphorylated compounds with a high hydrolysis rate have a high phosphoryl group transfer…
A: Because phosphorus is thermodynamically unstable and kinetically stable, it is an important molecule…
Q: Arachidonic acid, a 20-C saturated fatty acid. Use only 1 mole: 1. How many rounds of…
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process that occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to…
Q: P12.1: The enzyme ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.6), which is active in both the Calvin…
A: Ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase or Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi) encoded by RpiA gene is an…
Q: 1. make your own version of Fatty Acid Cycle with diagram. 2. explain why these cycles are…
A: Fatty acid metabolism includes Fatty acid biosynthesis (an anabolic process) and β-…
Q: True or false ? 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate can transfer a phosphoryl group to ADP.
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in which one molecule of glucose is partially oxidized to two…
Q: 4. Which of the following formulations will give the highest ATP yield upon complete oxidation? Show…
A: ATP Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy molecule (chemical energy) used by all cellular…
Q: 8. Phosphatases hydrolyze phosphate-ester bonds in all types of phosphate esters. Which of the…
A: Enzymes are biocatalyst. They increase the speed of reaction by lowering its activation energy.…
Q: 8. Amylase has all of the following properties except:
A: Amylase is an enzyme made in pancreas and salivary glands. It acts on alpha (1,4) glycosidic bond.
Q: IX. Insulin, a hormone vital in blood sugar regulation and having a polypeptide chain with disulfide…
A: Insulin is a peptide hormone that downregulates blood glucose levels. Hormone insulin contains two…
Q: Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol yieldsa) Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphateb)…
A: Phosphoinositides involve only a little fraction of cellular Phospholipids and their importance in…
Q: At a steady state in the living cell, (ATP) = 10-3M and (ADP) = 10-4 M. The maximum (equilibrium)…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 4. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis. Many organisms, such as anaerobic bacteria, can only…
A: The cellular respiration is the source of energy production within the living organisms. The…
Q: Please state if the statements are true or false. 1. A pyranose is a sugar in Haworth projection…
A: Haworth projection: This was designed by Sir Norman Haworth. The cyclic structure of…
Q: Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large…
A: Glycerophospholipids contains two fatty acid chain attached to a glycerol moiety.…
Q: 3. Protection of Enzyme Against Denaturation by Heat When enzyme solutions are heated, there is a…
A: Enzymes are protein molecules that increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy…
Q: 2. Why do muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate, which is essentially a metabolic dead end that…
A: Introduction: In vigorously contracting muscles, the supply of oxygen is limited, in such hypoxic…
Q: 9. If 32p-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis which of…
A: Glycolysis is the process of conversion of one molecule of pyruvate into two molecules of pyruvate.…
Q: Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a…
A: Lipids are one of the major macromolecules comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen just like…
Q: 8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in facl…
A: Type 1 diabetes could be a sort of diabetes caused by a deficiency of insulin. It is additionally…
Q: 1. Biotin is an essential cofactor for carboxylases that transfer carbon dioxide. Choose one of the…
A: A cofactor is a non-protein compound or metal ion that is necessary for an enzyme for performing the…
Q: 11. This below notation represents a Bi-Bi reaction. Aspartate Oxaloacetate a-Ketoglutarate…
A: Introduction In ping pong reactions, the first substrate binds to the enzyme, transfers a piece of…
Q: 1. Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid…
A: Phospholipases are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids at specific ester bonds. They are…
Q: (i) Why do many reactions in metabolism include the formation or the breakdown of adenosine…
A: Metabolism metabolism is a process of reactions involving the breakdown of food to generate chemical…
Q: P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine…
A: The values provided in the questions are: T = 310 K H (enthalpy change) = -20 kJ.mol-1 G = - 31…
Q: Ethylene glycol (HO—CH2—CH2—OH) is frequently used as antifreeze in automobile engines. Every year…
A: Ethylene glycol poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking ethylene glycol which is a colorless,…
Q: Application. One way to test for glucose oxidase and all the reagents necessary for the reaction:…
A: Glucose is measured in both plasma and whole blood. The concentration of glucose in whole blood is…
Q: 1. Requirements of Active Sites in Enzymes The active site of an enzyme usually consists of a pocket…
A: Enzymes are protein molecules that increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy…
Q: Applying: Which of the following commonly acts as the precursor for the synthesis of vitamin C…
A: Carbohydrates are compounds formed of monosaccharides as building blocks, which range from simple…
Q: (a) Write down the reaction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) cleaved by PLA2. Suppose the two acyl groups…
A: Phospholipids are degraded by phospholipases that cleaves the phosphodiester bonds. Phosphatidyl…
Q: 12. Nirogenase is an enzyme that converts the remarkably stable triple bond in N2 into a usable…
A: Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalysis the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia. This enzyme plays a…
Q: 70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units…
A: Lactose is the diasaccharide and it is converted to monosaccharide by the enzyme lactase into…
Q: 1.Which of the following are cofactors/coenzymes required for fatty acid oxidation? Choose all…
A: Fatty acids are the source of large amount of energy. Fatty acids are degraded through the process…
Q: Question: Fatty acid degradation (breakdown) and synthesis have many similarities but are uniquely…
A: Fats (or triglycerides) are consumed as food or produced by adipocytes or hepatocytes using…
Q: I. ATP ACCOUNTING, Provide what is being asked for. Show all relevant calculations and summarize…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the process in which long-chain fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA.…
Q: 1. ATP ACCOUNTING Provide what is being asked for. Show all relevant calculations and summarize your…
A: Beta Oxidation is the process to break down fatty acid. This process takes place in mitochondria (in…
Q: Assignment on Ketohexoses Construct the structure of the following enantiomers or mirror images: 1.…
A: The type of isomerism where isomers have same molecular formula but different orientation in…
Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine
1. classify the fatty acids as essential or non-essential and also as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATP
3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large amount of ATP to support energy-requiring reactions/pathways, assuming that you have 1 mole of each of the said lipids are catabolized and complete oxidized, will the total net ATP yield from these two lipids be higher or lower than the sum of the net ATPs generated from each fatty acid components? Justify your answer in biochemical terms and using 5 sentences or less.
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATPLauric acid, a 20-C saturated fatty acid. Use only 1 mole:1. How many rounds of beta-oxidation are needed to oxidize the fatty acid? Show your solution.Arachidonic acid, a 20-C saturated fatty acid. Use only 1 mole:1. How many rounds of beta-oxidation are needed to oxidize the fatty acid, and what is the total ATP yield? Show your solution.
- BIOMOLECULES - MULTIPLE CHOICE - Please answer properly QUESTION : Supposed you want to use phosphoglucomutase to breakdown glycogen. You found out that this enzyme is responsible for converting glucose 1-phosphate (C6H13O9P) to glucose-6-phosphate (C6H13O9P). Based on this action, to which enzyme class does phosphoglucomutase belong? A. Isomerase B. Oxidoreductase C. Lyase D. Ligase2. Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are absorbed by the mammalian intestine and used as metabolic fuels. How many ATP can be derived from the complete oxidation of butyrate? Please show me detailed solution.6. Cycle of tricarboxylic acids (TCA):• importance for cellular metabolism;• intracellular localization of TCA enzymes;• sequence of TCA reactions;• TCA enzymes and coenzymes;• substrate phosphorylation reactions in TCA;• decarboxylation reactions in TCA;• enzymes and coenzymes in dihydrogen reactions in TCA;• mechanisms of regulation of TCA.
- Assignment on KetohexosesConstruct the structure of the following enantiomers or mirror images:1. D and L Fructose2. D and L Allulose3. D and L Sorbose4. D and L Tagatose1- ATP consider as an important molecule in metabolism, because : A) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis.B) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy.D) Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.E) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. 2- How many ATP yield from complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water: A) 38 B) 32C) 2D) 8E)24Glycolysis After digestion of carbohydrates, glucose enters the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, glycolysis takes place where glucose-6-phosphate (a 6C-molecule) is split into two 3C molecules of gly-3-P, producing 2 pyruvates. The two pyruvates are then converted to two acetyl-CoA and enter the mitochondria where the citric acid occurs. 1. What reactions are involved in the so called, energy-investing reactions? What chemical compound is needed to initiate the reaction? 2. Cite the steps in the glycolysis pathway where these energy-investing reactions occur. 3. The conversion from glu-6-P to fru-6-P involves isomerization, why? 4. What stages in the glycolysis pathway are considered energy harvesting reactions? What are the products of these reactions that will prove its energy yield? 5. The conversion from gly3-P to 1,3-diP uses NAD+ and a dehydrogenase enzyme. What is the role of NAD+? What reactions therefore are involved in these conversions? 6. The conversion…
- Considering the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? How can you calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolism of each fatty acid? and the number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized??Understanding the Stoichiometry of Cholesterol Synthesis Write a Balanced, stoichiometric reaction for the synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl-CoA.Effects of Changing Metabolite Concentrations on Glycolysis In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. AΤP? b. AMP? c. fructose-1.6-bisphosphate? d. fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose-6-phospthate?