Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
![In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAATGGC in DNA would code for [1] in MRNA.
O GTTACCG
O GUTACCG
O CUUAGGC
O GUUACCG
GUAACCG](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F57f36e64-cd6c-4eec-b44e-47136dccd739%2F6eaf9923-762e-4902-bb32-710d97a33fc8%2Fw3c6hpu_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
The genes are the segments of DNA which carries information for the synthesis of the functional proteins. The genetic information flows from DNA to RNA and RNA to proteins. This flow of genetic information is called the 'Central Dogma of life' which involves two important processes namely transcription and translation. During the process of transcription, DNA is copied into messenger RNA with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase. Later the transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins. The mRNA attaches to the ribosome and the tRNA containing the anticodons complementary to the codons on the mRNA brings the appropriate amino acids and attaches to the codons of the mRNA. The amino acids which are brought in are attached by means of peptide bonds. When the tRNA encounters a stop codon on the mRNA the translation process stops and the polypeptide chain formed is released.
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