mitochondria. If glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used (skeletal muscle and brain), what will be ATP yield from complete oxidation of glucose.
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- dtermoine numberof ATPS GENERATED FROM COMPLETE oxidation of fructose-6-phosphate isocitrate stearidonic acid [18 carbons triangle 6,9,12,15] indicate where everything comes from ex ATPS FROM GLYCOLYSIS , NADH FROM TCA ETC LIST ALLImagine a triglyceride comprised of (3) saturated C12 fatty acids. Calculate the number of ATP generated from the complete oxidation of one of these 12-carbon fatty acids to CO2 and water in the liver. Assume that each NADH = 2.5 ATP and each FADH2 = ETC generates 1.5 ATP. Any step that yields pyrophosphate as a product should be treated as an input (i.e. net loss) of (2) ATP.Which of the two set ups shall generate higher amount of energy in terms of net ATP generated? Set up A. The one containing 1 mole of trimyristin being catabolized and completely oxidized. Set up B. The one containing combined fatty acids (1mole each) that comprise trymiristin.
- Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1Explain the purpose of the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (Don’t worry about the mechanism, just the purpose of the shuttle. Just one sentence here!). Suppose a cell could only rely on the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle and not the malate-aspartate shuttle, how would that affect the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose in that cell? How would this change the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate in this cell?The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why doesnature use the glycerol–phosphate shuttle, which yields only about1.5 moles of ATP?
- Glucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis, yielding a netsynthesis of 2 ATP. In certain cells pyruvate can be reconverted to glucose during gluconeogenesis. How many ATPsare required to convert pyruvate back to glucose?Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. (multiple answers) Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1For Pyruvate Decarboxylation (Link Reaction), what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.
- Which of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3PG b) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG c) Conversion of PEP to pyruvate d) Conversion of 2,3-BPG to 2PG e) Phosphorylation of glucoseATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What is the function of the pentose phosphate pathway? a. Mode 1 - NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate are being generated b. Mode 2 - ribose 5-phosphate is needed, so only the non-oxidative portion is being used for carbon skeleton rearrangments c. Mode 3 - NADPH is needed, so oxidative portion is operating to make NADPH and non-oxidative portion is operating to regenerate glucose 6-phosphate d. Mode 4 - NADPH and ATP are needed, so oxidative portion makes NADPH, non-oxidative portion does carbon skeleton rearrangements to fuel glycolysis and make ATPAssuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of five molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately _________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)