One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to mediate the elimination of tumor cells by killer lymphocytes. In a study of 35 primary lung and colon tumors, half the tumors were found to have amplified and overexpressed a gene for a secreted protein that binds to Fas ligand. How do you suppose that overexpression of this protein might contribute to the survival of these tumor cells? Explain your reasoning.

Q: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene in human cells. Transcription of this gene leads to the production of…

A: The TP53 sequence provides directions for creating a macromolecule known as tumor macromolecule p53…

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Cancer is a fatal disease that has both physical and mental consequences for a person. Cancer can…

Q: How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the…

A: Epigenetics is the study of various alterations in an organism occurred because of certain gene…

Q: Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is FALSE? a) Inactivation of tumor…

A: False statement about tumor suppressor genes.

Q: a. A typical cellular response of a mammary epithelial cell to EGF signal is proliferation. the Kd…

A: Proliferation is the cellular response.

Q: Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that…

A: Cell growth is the process by which cells gain mass and expand in size. Animal cells that are…

Q: Can we cure cancer by restoring the function of tumor suppressor proteins such as mutant p53 or pRb?…

A: Cell division is a process through which a cell produces two identical daughter cells. Cell division…

Q: ene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select…

A: Cancer Cancer is a serious disease marked by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division of cells…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the irregular cell…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division where he ell continuously divides. Cancer cells thus become…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network to increase…

A: Answer  C-myc synthesis is responsible for cell growth and development and prevent apoptosis.…

Q: The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for…

A: Answer. Genes for which a gain of function mutation drives a cell towards cancer are called proto…

Q: Tumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement…

A: The correct option is a i.e.They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This…

Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…

A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…

Q: Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?

A: Genes that confer the ability to convert cells to a tumourigenic state are called oncogenes.…

Q: Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right.…

A: Genes  Genes are the information coded in a DNA. They make our protein and enzyme. They are…

Q: What is the difference in an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and how can each potentially lead to…

A: Cancer is group of diseases which are characterized by abnormal and unstoppable growth of cell and…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: An individual can inherit a gene in which expression has been altered by an ________ change with no…

A:

Q: In other words, the master regulator initiates a program of gene expression that narrow the…

A: Cell signalling

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53? How can mutations in the genes for these proteins contribute to…

A: TP53 is the gene that translates the protein called tumor protein p53 which acts as a tumor…

Q: TGF-β1 is a protein that affects cell growth and differentiation. Scientists conducted an experiment…

A: Gene expression is the production of RNA (mRNA ) from the DNA by the process of transcription. By…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be     growth factors and growth factor…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…

A: Loss of function mutation is otherwise known as inactivating mutations. This type of mutation is…

Q: Explain the following figure. According to this model, what are the two major phases of metastasis…

A: The figures tells about the metastasis. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to the healthy or…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of tumor-suppressor gene? A. p53 gene B. Rb…

A: p53 gene It is a tumor suppressor gene It's activity stops the formation of tumors It is located…

Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…

A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a)…

A: Cells that progress through the cell cycle unchecked may sequentially develop malignant tumors.…

Q: When the gene encoding a certain cellular kinase is deleted, the resulting mutant cells arrest in…

A: Answers : fusion protein are the proteins which are synthesized in the laboratory for the…

Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…

A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…

Q: Which could lead to uncontrolled growth in cancer?   A. A nonfunctional E2F protein     B. The…

A: a)A nonfunctional E2F protein: False E2F is a transcription factor that is the principal target of…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be treated by chemotherapy and…

Q: Why does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a…

A: Proto- oncogene Activation of a proto- oncogene into an oncogene usually includes gain of function…

Q: Proto-oncogenes normally function to increase v cell division. If a mutation occurs to a…

A: Proto - oncogenes normally function to stimulating cell division . If a mutation occurs to a proto -…

Q: Describe the mutational event that produces the MYC oncogene in Burkitt’s lymphoma. Why does the…

A: Burkitt lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that affects adults and children. NHL is…

Q: Which of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in…

A: Proto-oncogenes, although usually associated with tumors do have a very significant role to play in…

Q: Cellular levels of tumor suppressor protein p53 is maintained by a ubiquitin ligase protein, called…

A: From the above information, we can make the following inferences - 1. p53, as indicated in the…

Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…

A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.