pse two risk-neutral firms, 1 and 2, are engaged in a one-shot Cournot market. Market dema senting market price and Q representing total market output) is given by P(Q) = 70 -Q where Q= knows that its own costs are "medium", so C1(q1) = 2591, and that Firm 2's costs may be eith D= 2002 (with 20% probability), or "high", so C2(92) = 30q2 (with 80% probability). knows its own costs, and Firm 1's costs. Bayesian Nash equilibrium for this market, what will be the total market output Qif Firm 2's
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- The Able Manufacturing Company and Better Bettors, Inc. are rival firms in the production of a calculator used by horse racing fans for handicapping (determining betting strategies). Each firm has a fixed cost of $100 and a MC = $10 in producing calculators. The demand for the industry’s product is: Q = 900 – 5P, where P is the market price and Q = Q1 + Q2. If each firm must choose how many calculators to produce and sell without knowing of its rival’s production decision, what will be the Cournot equilibrium price and quantities produced? Calculate the profit for each firm.The marginal cost of a product is fixed at MC = 20. The demand for the product is Q = 100 - 2P. (a) Now consider a Cournot model with two firms that are choosing quantities simultaneously. What is the best reply (best response) function for each firm? What is theNash equilibrium? What is the total surplus? (b)What do you expect the total surplus would be with three firms? Why? (You do not need to calculate an exact value. You can say ”total surplus is at least 100”, or ”total surplus is at most 80”)Title 1. Two firms have costs of AC 1 = MC 1 = 20 and AC 2 = MC 2 = 16 respectively. Market demand is Q =. Description 1. Two firms have costs of AC1 = MC1 = 20 and AC2 = MC2 = 16 respectively. Market demand is Q = 1000 − 40P. a. Suppose irms practice Bertrand competition, that is, setting prices for their identical products simultaneously. Compute the Nash equilibrium prices. (To avoid technical problems in this question, assume that if irms both have the same price, then the low-cost irm makes all the sales.) b. Compute irm output, irm proit and market output. c. Is total welfare maximised in the Nash equilibrium? If not, suggest an outcome that would maximise total welfare, and compute the deadweight loss in the Nash equilibrium compared with your outcome.
- Three firms, A, B and C engage in Bertrand price competition in a market with inverse demand given by P = 123 − 2Q. Whenever a firm undercuts the rivals’ price, it gets the entire demand. If firms charge the same lowest price in the market, they share the market. If a firm charges a price more than any rival, it has zero market share. Suppose there are no fixed costs, and the marginal costs of the firms are: c(A) = 91, c(B) = 83 and c(C) = 43. a. Find a Nash equilibrium of this game. What are each firm’s prices and profits? Explain your solution. b. Suppose firm B leaves the market. Draw each firm’s best response on a diagram and find a Nash equilibrium of this duopoly game. c. Suppose the above game in part b between firms A and C was the stage game of an infinitely repeated game. Would it be possible for the two firms to collude or form a cartel in this case? "Economic "Three firms, A, B and C engage in Bertrand price competition in a market with inverse demand given by P = 123 − 2Q. Whenever a firm undercuts the rivals’ price, it gets the entire demand. If firms charge the same lowest price in the market, they share the market. If a firm charges a price more than any rival, it has zero market share. Suppose there are no fixed costs, and the marginal costs of the firms are: c(A) = 91, c(B) = 83 and c(C) = 43. a. Find a Nash equilibrium of this game. What are each firm’s prices and profits? Explain your solution. b. Suppose firm B leaves the market. Draw each firm’s best response on a diagram and find a Nash equilibrium of this duopoly game. c. Suppose the above game in part b between firms A and C was the stage game of an infinitely repeated game. Would it be possible for the two firms to collude or form a cartel in this case?.Three firms, A, B and C engage in Bertrand price competition in a market with inverse demand given by P = 123 − 2Q. Whenever a firm undercuts the rivals’ price, it gets the entire demand. If firms charge the same lowest price in the market, they share the market. If a firm charges a price more than any rival, it has zero market share. Suppose there are no fixed costs, and the marginal costs of the firms are: c(A) = 91, c(B) = 83 and c(C) = 43. Find a Nash equilibrium of this game. What are each firm’s prices and profits? Explain solution. Suppose firm B leaves the market. Draw each firm’s best response on a diagram and find a Nash equilibrium of this duopoly game. Suppose the above game in part 2 between firms A and C was the stage game of an infinitely repeated game. Would it be possible for the two firms to collude or form a cartel in this case?
- (Cournot competition with different marginal costs) Our best estimate for total marketdemand in a given market is P 1000-2Q. Two firms (1 and 2) are competing in this market in quantities, choosing Q1 and Q2 simultaneously. Firm 1 has marginalcost equal to c1 = 100 and Firm 2 produces at marginal cost c2 = 200. (a) Write down the profits of both firms and and their best response functions. (b) Find the Cournot - Nash equilibrium in quantities, and calculate equilibrium profits for both firms. (c) Suppose that each firm has the option, at a previous stage, to invest in an R&D project that will reduce its marginal cost of production by 50% if successful. What is the value of this innovation to each firm? Given that R&D costs and successprobabilities are equal, which one has greater incentives to invest in R&D ? You can think in terms of per - period profits to set aside timing issues.The figure below shows the market conditions facing two firms, Brooks, Inc., and Spring, Inc., in the domestic market for large utility pumps. Each firm has constant long-run costs, so that MC0 = AC0. As competitors in a duopoly, there are a number of models to determine output and prices. Assume that the Bertrand duopoly model applies, so that they both set price equal to their marginal cost. Initial output in this market will be 16,000 per year (this is split between the two firms), at a price of $300. (a) At the initial equilibrium, what is total surplus (consumer surplus plus producer surplus)? Suppose that Brooks, Inc. and Spring, Inc. form a joint venture, River Company, whose utility pumps replace the output sold by the parent companies in the domestic market. Assuming that River Company operates as a monopolist and that its costs equal MC0 = AC0, what is: (b) The price? (c) The output? (d) Total profit? (e) The resulting deadweight loss from River Company operating as a…The figure below shows the market conditions facing two firms, Brooks, Inc., and Spring, Inc., in the domestic market for large utility pumps. Each firm has constant long-run costs, so that MC0 = AC0. As competitors in a duopoly, there are a number of models to determine output and prices. Assume that the Bertrand duopoly model applies, so that they both set price equal to their marginal cost. Initial output in this market will be 16,000 per year (this is split between the two firms), at a price of $300. Suppose that Brooks, Inc. and Spring, Inc. form a joint venture, River Company, whose utility pumps replace the output sold by the parent companies in the domestic market. Assuming that River Company operates as a monopolist and that its costs equal MC0 = AC0, what is: (b) The price?
- The figure below shows the market conditions facing two firms, Brooks, Inc., and Spring, Inc., in the domestic market for large utility pumps. Each firm has constant long-run costs, so that MC0 = AC0. As competitors in a duopoly, there are a number of models to determine output and prices. Assume that the Bertrand duopoly model applies, so that they both set price equal to their marginal cost. Initial output in this market will be 16,000 per year (this is split between the two firms), at a price of $300. Suppose that Brooks, Inc. and Spring, Inc. form a joint venture, River Company, whose utility pumps replace the output sold by the parent companies in the domestic market. Assuming that River Company operates as a monopolist and that its costs equal MC0 = AC0, what is: (e) The resulting deadweight loss from River Company operating as a monopoly?The figure below shows the market conditions facing two firms, Brooks, Inc., and Spring, Inc., in the domestic market for large utility pumps. Each firm has constant long-run costs, so that MC0 = AC0. As competitors in a duopoly, there are a number of models to determine output and prices. Assume that the Bertrand duopoly model applies, so that they both set price equal to their marginal cost. Initial output in this market will be 16,000 per year (this is split between the two firms), at a price of $300. Suppose that Brooks, Inc. and Spring, Inc. form a joint venture, River Company, whose utility pumps replace the output sold by the parent companies in the domestic market. Assuming that River Company operates as a monopolist and that its costs equal MC0 = AC0, what is: (c) The output? (d) Total profit?Two firms, A and B, face an inverse market demand function of P = 1200 - 4Q. Each firm has the same cost function Ci = 20qi. Assume the A and B are Stackelberg competitors, and that A is the leader. Derive from profit functions the equilibrium prices, quantities, and profits for A and B. How does the methodology for solving the Stackelberg problem differ from the method for solving the Cournot problem? Why?