The coenzyme NAD+ or NADH has the following characteristics (Choose all that apply) Ooxidizes carboxyl groups to aldehydes oxidizes hydroxyl functional groups to carbonyl functional groups is not easily oxidized, stable in the oxygen environment of the mitochondrial matrix is a mobile carrier of high energy phosphoryl groups O is easily oxidized, unstable in the oxygen environment of the mitochondrial matrix O is a mobile carrier of high energy reducing equivalents, hydride ions O accepts electrons as a proton H+ (2 electrons) O accepts electrons as a hydride ion (2 electrons)

The coenzyme NAD+ or NADH has the following characteristics (Choose all that apply) Ooxidizes carboxyl groups to aldehydes oxidizes hydroxyl functional groups to carbonyl functional groups is not easily oxidized, stable in the oxygen environment of the mitochondrial matrix is a mobile carrier of high energy phosphoryl groups O is easily oxidized, unstable in the oxygen environment of the mitochondrial matrix O is a mobile carrier of high energy reducing equivalents, hydride ions O accepts electrons as a proton H+ (2 electrons) O accepts electrons as a hydride ion (2 electrons)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1....

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Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
Given that malonate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase which of the following statements is TRUE? a. FADH2 results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. b. All electron transport is inhibited. c. Transfer of electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. d. Transfer of electrons from FADH2 to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. e. NADH results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Clear my choice
In oxidative phosphorylation (mark all that are true)... Choice 1 of 7:Succinate contributes 2e- to Complex II and 2H+ to the mitochondrial proton gradient. Choice 2 of 7:NADH in the matrix passes 2 e- to coenzyme Q via Complex I. Choice 3 of 7:Complexes I, II, III, and IV each contribute to the matrix proton gradient. Choice 4 of 7:O2 stabilizes the catalytically active conformation of Complex V. Choice 5 of 7:Reversible protonation of c subunits leads to rotation of the Complex V gamma subunit. Choice 6 of 7:Each β subunit can bind ATP tightly under the right conditions. Choice 7 of 7:For every 3 protons that pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane, 1 ATP is produced. Below are screenshots of the answer from two different sources (for your consideration)
A central tenet in mitochondrial bioenergetics is that exergonic electron transfer drives the creation of an electrical potential () across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This is entirely true. Another tenet of mitochondrial bioenergetics, that you will read everywhere, is that this electrical potential is created by three proton pumps, Complexes I, III and IV. This is less true. A proton pump is this: It’s a protein that binds a proton from one side of a membrane, translocates that very proton across the membrane, through the protein, and ejects it into solution on the other side of the membrane. Complex I is a proton pump, but we did not discuss complex I. Complex III is NOT a proton pump, yet it creates electrical potential across the IMM. It is an electron/proton charge separation device. Complex IV is both types of these devices. Fifty percent of the electrical potential that complex IV creates is as a proton pump. But, 50% of the electrical potential that complex IV…
Which of the following dehydrogenases delivers electrons to directly to UQ in the electron transport pathway from the intermembrane space side of the inner mitochondrial membrane? a. succinate dehydrogenase b. acyl CoA dehydrogenase c. creatine kinase dehydrogenase d. glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Assuming that all the carbon skeleton of alanine is completely oxidized and released asCO2. How many ATPs will be produced (including all ATPs produced by both substrate-levelphosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation; please ignore the metabolism of nitrogen that isreleased from alanine)?a. 10b. 11.5c. 12.5d. 22.5e. Depending on which shuttle is used to transport NADH into mitochondria from cytosol
The alternative fate of pyruvate in the mitochondrial matrix is the conversion of pyruvate to __________ catalyzed by __________________ ? Oxaloacetate, pyruvate carboxylase Alanine, alanine aminotransferase Lactate, Lactate dehydrogenase Acetyl-Co, PDHC
Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [NADH, FADH2 or malate] to move electrons down a series of carriers to ultimately produce a [phosphate gradient or protons gradient] across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is used by ATP synthase to make ATP. ATP synthase harnesses the energy stored in both [charge and concentration gradients or electostatic and van der waals interations] to achieve high energy phosphate bond synthesis. If the ion gradient across the inner membrane is dissipated by the expression of UCP1, ATP is not synthesized and [heat is generated or electron transport is blocked]. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is [oxygen or carbon dioxide] with water as a product.
Which of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the only one to be considered a peripheral protein? cell biology the cytochrome a-a3 complex the cytochrome c oxidase complex coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) the cytochrome b-c1 complex cytochrome c
All of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain contain several nitrogen atoms, with the exception of: the cytochrome b-c1 complex the cytochrome c oxidase complex coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) the cytochrome a-a3 complex cytochrome c The most common enzyme in nature, used during the Calvin cycle, is called: ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase FADH2 dehydrogenase NADH dehydrogenase chlorophyll a chlorophyll b
This UCP1 protein allows the protons (H+) of the mitochondrial intermembrane space to enter the mitochondrial matrix without going through the ATP synthase. This bypass represents a shortcut for protons and uncouples (i.e. eliminates the interrelationship between) the following two processes: The entry of protons inside the mitochondrial matrix, following their concentration gradient. The phosphorylation of ADP into ATP by the ATP synthase. It is this uncoupling that gave the protein its name: uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The following figure shows the location of UCP1 when it is expressed (synthesized) in the brown adipose tissues (BAT) of hibernating mammals. Question 12 Based on the UCP1 protein structure shown earlier, and based on the figure above, what type of protein is UCP1? Question 12 options: a) A primary active transporter. b) A motor protein.…
Indicate whether each of the following aspects of the carnitine shuttle system associated with the process of B oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix or in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. a. Acyl CoA is reactant b. Carnitine enters the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Carnitine is covered to acyl carnitine. d. Free CoA is reactant