Explain why it is that the anticodon sequence AGG can bind to multiple different Serine codons. 2. Let’s say you have a mutation in IF1 that makes it bind the small ribosomal subunit inefficiently. What stage, initiation, elongation or termination would the mutation effect? Explain your answer.

Explain why it is that the anticodon sequence AGG can bind to multiple different Serine codons. 2. Let’s say you have a mutation in IF1 that makes it bind the small ribosomal subunit inefficiently. What stage, initiation, elongation or termination would the mutation effect? Explain your answer.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter16: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20RQ: A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of...

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Question

. Explain why it is that the anticodon sequence AGG can bind to multiple different Serine codons. 2. Let’s say you have a mutation in IF1 that makes it bind the small ribosomal subunit inefficiently. What stage, initiation, elongation or termination would the mutation effect? Explain your answer.

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2a) Suppose you have a gene in which a single base substitution has created the nonsense mutation 5'TAA3' (which will be transcribed into 5'UAA3' in the mRNA - but recall that mutations are changes in the DNA sequence). Name all the amino acids that could have been coded for by the original, unmutated codon at that position in the gene.
a) Identify the current stage of the translation process shown in Figure 1 and name the anticodon sequence in tRNAb) State TWO immediate, main consequences when a stop codon reaches the E site.
1b) Give the anticodon of the tRNA that would be complementary or a perfect match to the codon 5'AGG3'.
Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of elF-2 alter translation? Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with itiRNA transcripts tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon elF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.
If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation cause a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?
Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene contains the nucleotide sequence: When this gene is transcribed, the result is the following mRNA molecule: In a mutated form of the gene, two extra base pairs (underlined) are inserted: What effect will this particular mutation have on the structure of the protein encoded in the gene?
Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an anticodon in a tRNA from 3-AAU-5 to 3-AUU-5. What effect will this mutation have on protein synthesis?
A normal mRNA that reads 5’ - UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5' -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)
3’ G G A U A C G U C A C C G G U A U A A G G U U U C G U A U C G 5’ If the RNA synthesized above is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon, a. how many codons are present in this mRNA? b. how many codons actually code for a protein in this mRNA? c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?
1d) What amino acid would a tRNA with the anticodon 5'AGG3' carry?
2b) What anticodon would a suppressor tRNA have to have to suppress a 5'UAA3' stop codon?