toxin) njected, it paralyze locally. Based on this information only, what neurotransmitter system does Botox alter? cholinergic serotonergic Dopaminergic GABAergic
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- Which neurotransmitter is released by the somatic motor neurons and what type of effect does it have? What neurotransmitter(s) are released by the ANS and what effect do/does it have?Parasympathetic activation can result in all of the following EXCEPT __________.A.constriction of the pupils and bronchiB.decreased blood pressureC.decreased function of the gastrointestinal tractD.decreased heart rateThere are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic and parasympathetic Describe 5 effects of parasympathetic activation. How does this help the body return to normal activities after exertion?
- One type of poison arrow frog toxin binds specifically to nicotinic cholinergic receptors and causes tetanic paralysis of the muscle. Would the poison arrow frog toxin increase or decrease autonomic output? Explain your answer choice based on neurotransmitters and receptors on the pre-and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.In cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of the choline transporter will affect the normal synthesis and release acetylcholineTRUE OR FALSEWhich of the following statements best describes the axonal projection patterns of upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex? Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are cholinergic and their axons project directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are glutamatergic and their axons project to the thalamus, brain stem and directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to the spinal cord where they synapse with cholinergic lower motoneurons that control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to neurons in the cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem that in turn contact lower motoneurons in the spinal cord to control voluntary muscle movements.
- Which of the following neurotransmitters would activate an adrenergic receptor? Acetylcholine Glutamate Norepinephrine DopamineWhich of the following is associated with pain relief? a. acetylcholine c. serotonin b. glutamate d. endorphinsListed below are the events that occur during basal ganglia functioning. Disinhibition of thalamic nuclei that project to motor cortex Inhibition of globus pallidus Excitation of corpus striatum Which of the following is the correct sequence of these events? Group of answer choices 1; 2; 3 1; 3; 2 2; 3; 1 2; 1; 3 3; 1; 2 3; 2; 1
- Describe the biosynthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neuronsThe striatum is a structure within the basal ganglia. The striatum is comprised mostly of medium spiny neurons that express either D1 receptors or D2 receptors. These neurons when active release the neurotransmitter _______Refer to the direct pathway of the basal ganglia. What part of the frontal cortex is targeted by the direct pathway? What are the effects of the direct pathway on the thalamus and frontal cortex? Explain the circuitry of the direct pathway. Begin with the inputs and end with its effect on the cortex.