You obtain the following results for the transport of an amino acid into bacteria. Based on this(make a sketch ofdata, does transport of diffusion (mediated)? Explain your reasoninga rate vs concentration graph to help answer this question.ConcentrationInitial Uptake Rate(Flux)(microM) outside of(arbitrary units)cell1101220248058301017003026001003100500b) What additional experiment(s) would you perform to verify that a transport protein is or is notinvolved?

The cell membrane presents a hydrophobic barrier that separate the interior of the cell from the…

Answered: You obtain the following results for…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Identify the movement of water in surrounding medium and intracellular environment, given these hypothetical conditions. a. surrounding medium (7% salt, 93 % water) b. intracellular environment - RBC (25% salt, 75% water) 2. a. surrounding medium (35% salt, 65% water) b. intracellular concentration - RBC ( 2% salt, 98% water)
Consider a homogeneous spherical bacterium with a radius of 10 cm. A substance A diffuses into the bacteria and a first-order reaction takes place there. In the steady state, ignoring the term convective transfer; a) Derive the differential equation that gives the change in substance A concentration . b) Solve the differential equation you found in part (a) using the boundary conditions given below. (Reaction rate constant, k=0.8 s-1 and diffusion coefficient, D=0.2 cm2/s) Boundary Conditions; SK1: r = 0.01 cm CA = 0 mol/cm3 SK2: r = 1 cm CA= 10 mol/cm3
The potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide is a starch indicator that forms a blue-black complex in the presence of starch. What does the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion?
Depicted is a rod-shaped bacterium that can be approximated as a cylinder with two spherical caps, r = 0.5 micron. If the difference between the osmolarities inside and outside is 10 mosM, what would be the tension in the bacterial envelope? Is it uniform? (concentrations are expressed in mol/L)
This graph shows facilitated diffusion of a compound across a cytoplasmic membrane and into a cell. As the external concentration of the compound is increased, the rate of uptake increases until it reaches a point where it slows and then begins to plateau. This is not the case with passive diffusion, where the rate of uptake continually increases as the solute concentration increases. Why does the rate of uptake slow and then eventually plateau with facilitated diffusion?
Quantitative – diffusion time: Consider a spherical, single-celled organism which needs oxygen tosurvive. a. Assume oxygen needs to diffuse from the outside of the cell to its center. Write an equation thatgives the diffusion time in terms of the cell radius. b. The cell has a 4 micron (m) diameter, and diffusion coefficient of oxygen is 1.8 x 10-5 cm2/s inwater (assume diffusion is the same through the cell membrane). How long does it take for oxygento diffuse to the center of the cell? c. Cells typically need key molecules such as oxygen to survive. Diffusion times of oxygen can limithow big cells can become. If the cell gets too large for oxygen to reach its center, the cell coulddie. Calculate the size of a cell at which oxygen diffusion time becomes too slow and so limits theability of the cell to get that big. Explain your assumptions. How does this compare to typical cellsizes?
Both H+ and Ca2+ are ions that move through thecytosol. Why is the movement of H+ ions so much fasterthan that of Ca2+ ions? How do you suppose the speed ofthese two ions would be affected by freezing the solution?Would you expect them to move faster or slower? Explainyour answer.
The potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide (IKI) is a starch indicator that forms a blue-black complex in the presence of starch. What does the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion? How does the width of the black iodide starch complex of each potato block compare to the others? Why? Table 1a Why Are Cells Small Length (l) (cm) Width (w) (cm) Height (h) (cm) Size of Cross Section (h x w) (cm) Distance Traveled by IKI from Potato Edge (cm) Area of White Region (l x w) (cm) 2.50 2.50 2.50 6.25 cm 0.20 cm 2.64 cm 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00cm 0.30 cm 1.87 cm 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.25 cm 0.50 cm 1.50 cm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 cm 0.40 0.60 cm 2.00 0.50 0.50 0.25 cm 0.20 cm 0.15 cm 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 cm 0.30 cm 0.10 cm
You have genetically modified a cell to have a thicker membrane than normal (25nm). To keepyour cells alive, you need to understand how diffusion of nutrients works. What is the flux ofglucose through the cell membrane given that: -The concentration of glucose in the media is 10mM -The concentration of glucose inside the cell is 2mM -The diffusivity of glucose is 6x10-10m2/s
Taking into account that the diffusion constant of O2 D = 1000 um2/s, how long will it take for O2 to go from the edge of a cell of 20 um diameter to its midpoint? A. What if the cell is 2 um in diameter? B. Taking into account that the first case is a eukaryotic cell and the second is a bacteria, which one will have the faster metabolism?
Bacterial cells have a much higher rate of metabolism than animal cells. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria double in size anddivide every 20 min, whereas most animal cells under rapid growth conditions require 24 hours. The high rate of bacterial metabolism requires a high ratio of surface area to cell volume.(a) Why does surface-to-volume ratio affect the maximum rate of metabolism?(b) Calculate the surface-to-volume ratio for the spherical bacterium Neisseriagonorrhoeae (diameter 0.5 μm), responsible for the disease gonorrhea. Compare it with the surface-to-volume ratio for a globular amoeba, a large eukaryotic cell (diameter 150 μm). The surface area of a sphere is 4πr 2 .
Imagine a marine nitrogen fixing bacterium for the following questions. a. Calculate the cell’s Deltap If the intracellular pH of the cell is 7, the extracellular pH is 8, and a light-driven proton pump is capable of maintaining a Delta Psi of -140 mV.

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