Chemistry: The Central Science, Books a la Carte Edition (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934208
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 47E
Arrange the following atoms and ions in order of increasing ionic radius: F, S2-, Cl, and Se2-.
- F < S2- < Cl < Se2-
- F < a < s2- < se2-
- F < S2- < Se2- < CI
- Cl < P < Se2- < Se-
- S2- < F < Se2- < CI
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(a) If the core electrons were totally effective at screeningthe valence electrons and the valence electrons providedno screening for each other, what would be the effectivenuclear charge acting on the 3s and 3p valence electronsin P? (b) Repeat these calculations using Slater’s rules. (c)Detailed calculations indicate that the effective nuclearcharge is 5.6+ for the 3s electrons and 4.9+ for the 3pelectrons. Why are the values for the 3s and 3p electronsdifferent? (d) If you remove a single electron from a P atom,which orbital will it come from?
Q.1(a) What were the important advance (s) as a result of which, idea of an electron orbitmovement was swapped by, the notion of probability of finding electron in an orbital?What name was given to the transformed atomic model? Also explain its variouspostulates.(b) Which quantum numbers revel information about the shape, energy, orientation, andsize of the orbitals? How many orbitals are possible for n=4? Which of these may bedescribed as gerade?(c) The signs of the unsquared wave functions are usually shown in plots of the squaredfunctions. Why do you think this practice exists? Give values of angular nodes andplane of 3p, 4d, 2p, 4f, 4s.(d) Predict the trend in values of slater’s constant of the every first element of each groupof p-block elements.
Using Slater’s rule, determine Z* for
a.) a 2p electrons in O2-, F- , Na+ and Mg2+. Is the calculated value of Z* consistent with the relative sizes of these atoms?
b.) a 4f electrons in Ce, Pr and Nd. There is a decrease in size, commonly known as the Lanthanide contraction, with increasing atomic number in lanthanides. Are your values of Z* consistent with this trend?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: The Central Science, Books a la Carte Edition (13th Edition)
Ch. 1.2 - Which of the following is the correct description...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1.1.2PECh. 1.5 - Which of the following numbers in your personal...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 The back inside cover of the...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 1 An object is determined to...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 How many significant figures...Ch. 1.5 - Ellen recently purchased a new hybrid car and...Ch. 1.5 - Practice Exercise 2 It takes 10.5 s for a sprinter...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 1.5.1PECh. 1.5 - Prob. 1.5.2PE
Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 By using a conversion factor...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Fabiola, who lives in Mexico...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 1.7.1PECh. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 A car travels 28 mi per gallon...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 The surface area of Earth is...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Composite decking is a...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 1.9.1PECh. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 If the mass of the container...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of the following is the...Ch. 1.6 - Aspirin is composed of 60.0% carbon, 4.5%...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of the following weights...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 How many picometers are there...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Using Wolfram Alpha...Ch. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 Ethylene glycol, the major...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 1.13.1PECh. 1.6 - Practice Exercise 2 Calculate the density of a...Ch. 1 - The reaction between reactant A (blue spheres) and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1 - Describe the separation method(s) involved in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4ECh. 1 - Prob. 5ECh. 1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1 - 2447 What are the molecular and empirical formulas...Ch. 1 - When you convert units, how do you decide which...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10ECh. 1 - 2-60 The most common charge associated with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12ECh. 1 -
2.84 Consider the following organic substances:...Ch. 1 -
2.96 Gallium (Ga) consists of two naturally...Ch. 1 -
2.108 Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon....Ch. 1 - Write a balanced equation for (a) solid...Ch. 1 - Calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2Ch. 1 - Prob. 18ECh. 1 - Imagine you are working on ways to improve the...Ch. 1 - A key step in balancing chemical equations is...Ch. 1 - a. The characteristic odor of pineapple is due to...Ch. 1 - The complete combustion of octane, Cngs, a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23ECh. 1 - Prob. 24ECh. 1 -
4.53 Write balanced molecular and net ionic...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26ECh. 1 - Prob. 27ECh. 1 - Prob. 28ECh. 1 -
4.101 Hard water contains Ca2+ , Mg2 + , and Fe2+...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - Prob. 31ECh. 1 - Prob. 32ECh. 1 - Imagine that you are climbing a mountain. Is the...Ch. 1 - A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant...Ch. 1 -
5.100 An aluminum can of a soft drink is placed...Ch. 1 - The hydrocarbons acetylene (C2H2) and benzene...Ch. 1 - The precipitation reaction between AgNO3(aq) and...Ch. 1 - Consider the following three moving objects: a...Ch. 1 - The speed of sound in dry air at 20°C is 343 m/s...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40ECh. 1 - Calculate the energy of a photon of...Ch. 1 - Using Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 43ECh. 1 - The following do not represent valid ground-state...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - Prob. 46ECh. 1 - Arrange the following atoms and ions in order of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48ECh. 1 - Prob. 49ECh. 1 - The distance from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 51ECh. 1 - Prob. 52ECh. 1 - Prob. 53ECh. 1 - Prob. 54ECh. 1 - Prob. 55ECh. 1 - Which of the these molecules has a Lewis structure...Ch. 1 - Prob. 57ECh. 1 - Write the electron configuration for the element...Ch. 1 - (a) Classify each of the following as a pure...Ch. 1 - Prob. 60AECh. 1 - Prob. 61AECh. 1 - Prob. 62AECh. 1 - Prob. 63AECh. 1 - Prob. 64AECh. 1 - Prob. 65AECh. 1 - Prob. 66AECh. 1 - Prob. 67AECh. 1 - Prob. 68AECh. 1 - Ethyl acetate. C4H802, is a fragrant substance...Ch. 1 - Prob. 70AECh. 1 - The iodine bromide molecule, IBr, is an...Ch. 1 - Prob. 72AECh. 1 - Prob. 73AECh. 1 - Prob. 74AECh. 1 - Prob. 75AECh. 1 - Prob. 76AECh. 1 - Prob. 77AECh. 1 -
10.12 The graph below shows the change in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 79AECh. 1 - Prob. 80AECh. 1 - Prob. 81AECh. 1 - Prob. 82AECh. 1 - Prob. 83AECh. 1 - Prob. 84AECh. 1 - Prob. 85AECh. 1 - Prob. 86AECh. 1 - Prob. 87AECh. 1 - Prob. 88AE
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- Identify the element that corresponds to each of the simplified photoelectron spectral data given below. (Energy data taken from D. A. Shirley, R. L Martin, S. P. Kowalczyk. F. R. McFeely, and L. Ley: Core-electron binding energies of the first thirty elements, Physical Review B, Vol. 15, pp. 544-552, 1977.) (a) There are peaks at energies of 64.8 and 5.4 eV, corresponding to 2 and 1 electrons, respectively. (b) There are peaks at energies of 3614, 384, 301, 40.9, 24.7, and 4.34 eV, corresponding to 2, 2, 6, 2, 6, and 1 electrons, respectively. (c) There are peaks at energies of 4494, 503, 404, 56.4, 33.6, 8.01, and 6.65 eV, corresponding to 2, 2, 6, 2, 6, 1, and 2 electrons, respectively.arrow_forwardIdentify the element that corresponds to each of the simplified photoelectron spectral data given below. (Energy data taken from D. A. Shirley, R. L. Martin, S. P. Kowalczyk. F. R. McFeely, and L Ley: Core-electron binding energies of the first thirty elements Physical Review B, Vol. 15, pp. 544-552, 1977.) (a) There are peaks at energies corresponding to 1079, 70.8, 38.0, 5.14 eV, corresponding to 2, 2, 6, and 1 electrons, respectively. (b) There are peaks at energies corresponding to 4043, 443, 351, 48.4, 30.1, and 6.11 eV, corresponding to 2, 2, 6, 2, 6, and 2 electrons, respectively. (c) There are peaks at energies corresponding to 5475, 638, 524, 77, 47, 12. and 7.3 eV, corresponding to 2, 2, 6, 2, 6, 3, and 2 electrons, respectively.arrow_forwardSpectroscopic studies of Li also show that Zeff(2p)=1.02 . Estimate the energy of the 2p orbital of Li. Calculate the average distance of the electron from the nucleus in the 2p orbital of Li. Comparing your results with those in Problem 13 shows that the energy values differ by about 50%, whereas the average distances are nearly equal. Explain this observation.arrow_forward
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