FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS - EXTENDED
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781119773511
Author: Halliday
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 55P
Dog years. Dog owners like to convert the age of a dog (dubbed dog years) to the usual meaning of years to account for the more rapid aging of dogs. One measure of the aging process in both dogs and humans is the rate at which the DNA changes in a process called methylation. Research on that process shows that after the first year, the equivalent age of a dog is given by
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1. are the twins still the exact same age? If not which one is the older and by how much ?
One method for determining the age of ancient objects is by radiocarbon dating. Natural processes convert nitrogen to Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5730 years. When they are alive, animals assimilate Carbon-14 through the food chain. When an animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of Carbon-14 decays exponentially.
(a) Suppose the minimum detectable amount is 0.1% of the initial amount. What is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using Carbon-14?
(b) Suppose we wanted to date a fossil that was potentially 70 million years old. A radioactive isotope with what half-life would be required?
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a. How much is left after 48 years?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS - EXTENDED
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1PCh. 1 - A gry is an old English measure for length,...Ch. 1 - The micrometer 1 m is often called the micron. a...Ch. 1 - Spacing in this book was generally done in units...Ch. 1 - SM WWW Horses are to race over a certain English...Ch. 1 - ILW Hydraulic engineers in the United States often...Ch. 1 - Until 1883, every city and town in the United...Ch. 1 - wor about 10 years after the French Revolution,...Ch. 1 - The fastest growing plant on record is a...Ch. 1 - A lecture period 50 mm is close to 1 microcentury....
Ch. 1 - A fortnight is a charming English measure of time...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16PCh. 1 - SSM Five clocks are being tested in a laboratory....Ch. 1 - Because Earths rotation is gradually slowing, the...Ch. 1 - Suppose that, while lying on a beach near the...Ch. 1 - GO The record for the largest glass bottle was set...Ch. 1 - Earth has mass of 5.98 1024 kg. The average mass...Ch. 1 - Gold, which has a density of 19.32 g/cm3, is the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23PCh. 1 - GO Grains of fine California beach sand are...Ch. 1 - During heavy rain, a section of a mountainside...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26PCh. 1 - Prob. 27PCh. 1 - Prob. 28PCh. 1 - On a spending spree in Malaysia, you buy an ox...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30PCh. 1 - Prob. 31PCh. 1 - Prob. 32PCh. 1 - SSM A ton is a measure of volume frequently used...Ch. 1 - Two types of barrel units were in use in the 1920s...Ch. 1 - An old English childrens rhyme states, Little Miss...Ch. 1 - Prob. 36PCh. 1 - A typical sugar cube has an edge length of 1 cm....Ch. 1 - An old manuscript reveals that a landowner in the...Ch. 1 - SSM A tourist purchases a car in England and ships...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40PCh. 1 - SSM A cord is a volume of cut wood equal to a...Ch. 1 - One molecule of water H2O contains two atoms of...Ch. 1 - A person on a diet might lose 2.3 kg per week....Ch. 1 - What mass of water fell on the town in Problem 7?...Ch. 1 - a A unit of time sometimes used in microscopic...Ch. 1 - A unit of area often used in measuring land areas...Ch. 1 - SSM An astronomical unit AU is the average...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48PCh. 1 - A traditional unit of length in Japan is the ken 1...Ch. 1 - You receive orders to sail due east for 24.5 mi to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 51PCh. 1 - Prob. 52PCh. 1 - Prob. 53PCh. 1 - Measures of a man. Leonardo da Vinci, renowned for...Ch. 1 - Dog years. Dog owners like to convert the age of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 56PCh. 1 - Prob. 57PCh. 1 - Prob. 58PCh. 1 - Prob. 59PCh. 1 - Prob. 60PCh. 1 - Class time, the long of it. For a common four-year...
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- How does the DNA molecule produce a copy of itself?arrow_forwardHow many times longer than the mean life of an extremely unstable atomic nucleus is the lifetime of a human? (Hint: The lifetime of an unstable atomic nucleus is on the order of 10-22 s.arrow_forwardA sample of carbon-14 initially consists of 5 × 10 24 particles. Carbon-14 has a half- life of 5730 years. a. What is the decay constant for carbon-14? (Answer in units of yr –1 .) b. How many radioactive particles of the sample remain after 100 years? c. What percentage of the radioactive particles remains after 500 years? d. How many radioactive particles of the sample remain after 1000 years? e. How much time will it take for 50% of the particles to decay? f. How much time will it take for 99% of the particles to decay? g. How many half-lives will it take for 99% of the sample to decay? h. What is the initial decay rate of the sample? (Answer in decays/yr.) i. After 200 years, what is the decay rate of the sample? j. How long will it take for the decay rate to decrease to 1015 decays/year? k. How many half-lives have passed after the time you found in part (j)?arrow_forward
- Is it possible for a son or daughter to be biologically older than his or her parents? Explain,arrow_forwardAs of August 27, 2020, the Philippines, through the Department of Finance has already borrowed $ 8.83 billion to fight against the health and socioeconomic crises inflicted by the COVD19 pandemic. (a) If payments were made at the rate of $1000 per second, how many many years would it take to pay off the debt, assuming no interest was charged? A one-dollar bill is about 15.5 cm long. If $8.83 billion one-dollar were laid end to end around the Earth's equator, how many times would they encircle the planet? Take the radium of the Earth at the equator to be 6378 km.arrow_forwardThe radioactive element carbon-14 has a half-life of 5750 years. A scientist determined that the bones from a mastodon had lost 62.5% of their carbon-14. How old were the bones at the time they were discovered ?arrow_forward
- The number of viruses (V , measured in trillions or 10¹²) that infect a person is a function of the degree of immunosuppression (I, the fraction of the immune system that is turned off by stress) according to V(I) = 5I². The fever (F, measured in ◦C) associated with an infection is a function of the number of viruses according to F(V) = 37 + 0.4V. Find fever as a function of immunosuppression. How high will the fever be if immunosuppression is complete (I = 1)?arrow_forwardA radioactive substance has a half life of 2120 years. A) Determine the rate constant for the decay of this substance. B) How long will it take for 80% of the substance to decay?arrow_forwardWhat would happen to a life-form if the genetic information handed down to offspring was copied extremely inaccurately? How would that endanger the future of the life-form?arrow_forward
- A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a piece of wood to be 3 billion years old. Why doesn’t this make sense?arrow_forwardWhat would happen to a life-form if the information handed down to offspring was always the same? How would that endanger the future of the life-form?arrow_forwardPlease help me with all the parts included here, there are multiple, please helparrow_forward
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