ETHICS PROBLEM Diane Dennison is a financial analyst working for a large chain of discount retail stores. Her company is looking at the possibility of replacing the existing fluorescent lights in all of its stores with LED lights. The main advantage of making this switch is that the LED lights are much more efficient and will cost less to operate. In addition, the LED lights last much longer and will have to be replaced after 10 years, whereas the existing lights have to be replaced after 5 years. Of course, making this change will require a large investment to purchase new LED lights and to pay for the labor of switching out tens of thousands of bulbs. Diane plans to use a 10-year horizon to analyze this proposal, figuring that changes to lighting technology will eventually make this investment obsolete.
Diane’s friend and coworker, David, has analyzed another energy-saving investment opportunity that involves replacing outdoor lighting with solar-powered fixtures in a few of the company’s stores. David also used a 10-year horizon to conduct his analysis. Cash flow
Year | LED project | Solar project |
0 | –$4,200,000 | –$500,000 |
1 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
2 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
3 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
4 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
5 | 1,000,000 | 60,000 |
6 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
7 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
8 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
9 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
10 | 700,000 | 60,000 |
- a. What is the
NPV of each investment? Which investment (if either) should the company undertake? - b. David approaches Diane for a favor. David says that the solar lighting project is a pet project of his boss, and David really wants to get the project approved to curry favor with his boss. He suggests to Diane that they roll their two projects into a single proposal. The cash flows for this combined project would simply equal the sum of the two individual projects. Calculate the NPV of the combined project. Does it appear to be worth doing? Would you recommend investing in the combined project?
- c. What is the ethical issue that Diane faces? Is any harm done if she does the favor for David as he asks?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 10 Solutions
Principles Of Managerial Finance, Student Value Edition (14th Edition)
- Shonda & Shonda is a company that does land surveys and engineering consulting. They have an opportunity to purchase new computer equipment that will allow them to render their drawings and surveys much more quickly. The new equipment will cost them an additional $1.200 per month, but they will be able to increase their sales by 10% per year. Their current annual cost and break-even figures are as follows: A. What will be the impact on the break-even point if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? B. What will be the impact on net operating income if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? C. What would be your recommendation to Shonda & Shonda regarding this purchase?arrow_forwardEthical Behavior Consider the following scenario between Dave, a printer, and Steve, an assistant in the local universitys athletic department. Steve: Dave, our department needs to have 10,000 posters printed for the basketball team for next year. Heres the mock-up, and well need them in a month. How much will you charge? Dave: Well, given the costs I have for ink and paper, 1 can come in at around 5,000. Steve: Great, heres what I want you to do. Print me up an invoice for 7,500. Huts our budget. Then, when they pay you, you give me a check for 2,500. Ill make sure that you get the job. Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Is Steves proposal ethical? What should Dave do?arrow_forwardMallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.arrow_forward
- Austins cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firms tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board, Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).arrow_forwardA large city in the mid-West needs to acquire a street-cleaning machine to keep its roads looking nice year round. A used cleaning vehicle will cost $85,000 and have a $20,000 salvage value at the end of its five year life. A new system with advanced features will cost $150,000 and have $40,000 market value at the end of its five year life. The new system is expected to reduce labor hours compared with the used system. Current street-cleaning activity requires the used system to operate 8 hours per day for 20 days per month. Labor costs $50 per hour (including fringe benefits), and MARR is 12% per year.a. Find the breakeven percent reduction in labor hours for the new system. b. If the new system is expected to be able to reduce labor hours by 17% compared with the used system, which machine should the city purchase? c. Investigate how sensitive the decision is to 1) changes in the market value of the new system and 2) the productivity improvement of the new system. Graph your results.arrow_forwardA large city in the midwest needs to acquire a street-cleanıng machine to keep its roads looking nice year round A used cleaning vehicle will cost $75,000 and have a $20,000 market (salvage) value at the end of its five-year Iife. A new system with advanced features will cost $150,000 and have a $50,000 market value at the end of its five-year life. The new system is expected to reduce labor hours compared with the used system. Current street-cleaning activity requires the used system to operate 8 hours per day for 20 days per month Labor costs $40 per hour (including fringe benefits), and MARR is 12% per year compounded monthly a. Find the breakeven percent reduction in labor hours for the new system b. If the new system is expected to be able to reduce labor hours by 20% compared with the used system, which machine should the city purchase? a. The breakeven reduction in lebor hours for the new system is ________% (Round to one decimal place)arrow_forward
- A university's college of engineering would like to determine how much it will cost to keep its computing equipment current. In today's dollars, the college estimates that it will cost $110,000 to replace old computing equipment. Due to decreasing prices on computers, it estimates that this cost will decrease each of the following years by 3%. What would the present worth of computing updates for years 1-5 be, assuming a required 16% real return on its investments?arrow_forwardA large city in the midwest needs to acquire a street-cleaning machine to keep its roads looking nice year round. A used cleaning vehicle will cost $85,000 and have a $20,000 market (salvage) value at the end of its five-year life. A new system with advanced features will cost $150,000 and have a $40,000 market value at the end of its five-year life. The new system is expected to reduce labor hours compared with the used system. Current street-cleaning activity requires the used system to operate 8 hours per day for 20 days per month. Labor costs $50 per hour (including fringe benefits), andMARR is 12% per year. Solve, a. Find the breakeven percent reduction in labor hours for the new system. b. If the new system is expected to be able to reduce labor hours by 17% compared with the used system, which machine should the city purchase?arrow_forwardPlease solve the question below. Aero Motorcycles is considering opening a new manufacturing facility in Fort Worth to meet the demand for a new line of solar-charged motorcycles (who wants to ride on a cloudy day anyway?) The proposed project has the following features; • The firm just spent $300,000 on a marketing study to determine consumer demand (@ t=0). • Aero Motorcycles purchased the land the factory will be built on 5 years ago for $2,000,000 and owns it outright (that is, it does not have a mortgage).The land has a current market value of $2,913,027. • The project has an initial cost of $20,000,000 (excluding land, hint: the land is not subject to depreciation). • If the project was undertaken, at t = 0 the company will need to increase its inventories by $3,500,000, accounts receivable by $1,500,000, and its accounts payable by $2,000,000. This net operating working capital will be recovered at the end of the project’s life (t =10). • If the project is undertaken, the…arrow_forward
- Light emitting diode (LEDs) light bulbs have become required in recent years, but do they make financial sense? Suppose a typical 60-watt incandescent light bulb costs $.35 and lasts for 1,000 hours. A 15-watt LED, which provides the same light, costs $2.90 and lasts for 12,000 hours. A kilowatt hour of electricity costs $.111. A kilowatt-hour is 1,000 watts for 1 hour. However, electricity costs actually vary quite a bit depending on location and user type. An industrial user in West Virginia might pay $.04 per kilowatt-hour whereas a residential user in Hawaii might pay $.25.. You require a return of 9 percent and use a light fixture 500 hours per year. what is the break even cost per kilowatt-hourarrow_forwardAn officer for a large construction company is feeling nervous. The anxiety is caused by a new excavator just released onto the market. The new excavator makes the one purchased by the company a year ago obsolete. As a result, the market value for the company’s excavator has dropped significantly, from $600,000 a year ago to $50,000 now. In ten years, it would be worth only $3,000. The new excavator costs only $950,000 and would increase operating revenues by $90,000 annually. The new equipment has a ten-year life and expected salvage value of $175,000. The tax rate is 35%, the CCA rate, 25% for both excavators, and the required rate of return for the company is 14%. What is the NPV of the new excavator?arrow_forwardA newspaper is considering buying locked vending machines to replace open newspaper racks in the downtown area. The vending machines cost $75 each. It is expected that the annual revenue from selling the same quantity of newspapers will increase $12 per vending machine. The useful life of the vending machine is unknown. (a) To determine the sensitivity of rate of return to useful life, prepare a graph for rate of return versus useful life for lives up to 10 years. (b) If the newspaper requires a 15% rate of return, what minimum useful life must it obtain from the vending machines? (c) What would be the rate of return if the vending machines were to last indefinitely?arrow_forward
- Principles of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax CollegeManagerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...AccountingISBN:9781337115773Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. HeitgerPublisher:Cengage LearningCornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning