General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule, a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, a tetrahedral molecule, a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, and an octahedral molecule should be drawn and its corresponding bond angles should be given.

Concept introduction:

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) based on the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of electron in the bonded atomson the central atom or ion.
  • There will be a deviation from the regular geometry of a molecule due to the electrostatic repulsion formed. So the bonded electrons tend to move away as far as possible so there is some deviation in regular geometry.
  • So in VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
  • The geometry of the molecule is predicted by calculating steric number (SN)of the molecule
  • Stericnumber=(numberoflonepairsonthecentralatom)+(numberofatomsbondedtothecentralatom)

To identify: The shape of a linear triatomic molecule and its corresponding bond angles.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule is drawn.

General Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP , additional homework tip  1

  • According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom. The angles between two adjacent bonds are known as bond angle.
  • In the case of a linear triatomic molecule, there is only one bond angle since there are only two bonds. So if there is no lone pair on the central atom, to minimize the repulsion, the bond between two atoms will become 1800.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule, a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, a tetrahedral molecule, a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, and an octahedral molecule should be drawn and its corresponding bond angles should be given.

Concept introduction:

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) based on the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of electron in the bonded atomson the central atom or ion.
  • There will be a deviation from the regular geometry of a molecule due to the electrostatic repulsion formed. So the bonded electrons tend to move away as far as possible so there is some deviation in regular geometry.
  • So in VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
  • The geometry of the molecule is predicted by calculating steric number (SN)of the molecule
  • Stericnumber=(numberoflonepairsonthecentralatom)+(numberofatomsbondedtothecentralatom)

To identify: theshape of a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms and its corresponding bond angles

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The shape of a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms is drawn.

General Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP , additional homework tip  2

  • According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom. The angles between two adjacent bonds are known as bond angle.
  • In the case of a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, there are two bond angles since there are only three bonds. So if there is no lone pair on the central atom, to minimize the repulsion, the bond between two atoms will become 1200

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule, a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, a tetrahedral molecule, a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, and an octahedral molecule should be drawn and its corresponding bond angles should be given.

Concept introduction:

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) based on the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of electron in the bonded atomson the central atom or ion.
  • There will be a deviation from the regular geometry of a molecule due to the electrostatic repulsion formed. So the bonded electrons tend to move away as far as possible so there is some deviation in regular geometry.
  • So in VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
  • The geometry of the molecule is predicted by calculating steric number (SN)of the molecule
  • Stericnumber=(numberoflonepairsonthecentralatom)+(numberofatomsbondedtothecentralatom)

To identify: The shape of a tetrahedral molecule and its corresponding bond angles

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The shape of a tetrahedral molecule is drawn.

General Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP , additional homework tip  3

  • According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom. The angles between two adjacent bonds are known as bond angle.
  • In the case of a tetrahedral molecule, containing four atoms, there are four bond angles since there are only three bonds. So if there is no lone pair on the central atom, to minimize the repulsion, the bond between two atoms will become 109.50

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule, a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, a tetrahedral molecule, a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, and an octahedral molecule should be drawn and its corresponding bond angles should be given.

Concept introduction:

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) based on the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of electron in the bonded atomson the central atom or ion.
  • There will be a deviation from the regular geometry of a molecule due to the electrostatic repulsion formed. So the bonded electrons tend to move away as far as possible so there is some deviation in regular geometry.
  • So in VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
  • The geometry of the molecule is predicted by calculating steric number (SN)of the molecule
  • Stericnumber=(numberoflonepairsonthecentralatom)+(numberofatomsbondedtothecentralatom)

To identify: theshape of a trigonal bipyramidal molecule and its corresponding bond angles

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The shape of a trigonal bipyramidal molecule is drawn.

General Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP , additional homework tip  4

  • According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom. The angles between two adjacent bonds are known as bond angle.
  • In the case of a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, there are five bond angles. There are two possible bond angles for trigonal bipyramidal molecule due to two different trigonal planes. The trigonal planes where three bonds are arranged are called equatorial whereas the other two bonds that forming a perpendicular axis to the trigonal plane is called axial. So if there is no lone pair on the central atom, to minimize the repulsion, the bond between two atoms will become 1200 and 900 for bond angle between the bonds formed on equatorial and axial plane respectively.
  • Also bond angle formed between any of the axial bonds and the equatorial bonds is 900

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape of a linear triatomic molecule, a trigonal planar molecule containing four atoms, a tetrahedral molecule, a trigonal bipyramidal molecule, and an octahedral molecule should be drawn and its corresponding bond angles should be given.

Concept introduction:

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) based on the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of electron in the bonded atomson the central atom or ion.
  • There will be a deviation from the regular geometry of a molecule due to the electrostatic repulsion formed. So the bonded electrons tend to move away as far as possible so there is some deviation in regular geometry.
  • So in VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
  • The geometry of the molecule is predicted by calculating steric number (SN)of the molecule
  • Stericnumber=(numberoflonepairsonthecentralatom)+(numberofatomsbondedtothecentralatom)

To identify: The shape of an octahedral molecule and its corresponding bond angles

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The shape of an octahedral molecule is drawn.

General Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.2QP , additional homework tip  5

  • According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom. The angles between two adjacent bonds are known as bond angle.
  • In the case of an octahedral molecule, there are two possible bond angles for trigonal bipyramidal molecule due to two different trigonal planes. The trigonal planes where three bonds are arranged are called equatorial whereas the other two bonds that forming a perpendicular axis to the trigonal plane is called axial. So if there is no lone pair on the central atom, to minimize the repulsion, the bond between any two atoms will become 900.

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Chapter 10 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1PECh. 10 - Prob. 10.1QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2QPCh. 10 - 10.3 How many atoms arc directly bonded to the...Ch. 10 - 10.4 Discuss the basic features of the VSEPR...Ch. 10 - 10.5 In the trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, why...Ch. 10 - 10.6 The geometry of CH4 could be square planar,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.7QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.8QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.9QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.10QPCh. 10 - 10.11 Describe the geometry around each of the...Ch. 10 - 10.12 Which of these species are tetrahedral?...Ch. 10 - 10.13 Define dipole moment. What are the units and...Ch. 10 - 10.14 What is the relationship between the dipole...Ch. 10 - 10.15 Explain why an atom cannot have a permanent...Ch. 10 - 10.16 The bonds in beryllium hydride (BeH2)...Ch. 10 - 10.17 Referring to Table 10.3. arrange the...Ch. 10 - 10.18 The dipole moments of the hydrogen halides...Ch. 10 - 10.19 List these molecules in order of increasing...Ch. 10 - 10.20 Docs the molecule OCS have a higher or lower...Ch. 10 - 10.21 Which of these molecules has a higher dipole...Ch. 10 - 10.22 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 10 - 10.23 What is valence bond theory? How does it...Ch. 10 - 10.24 Use valence bond theory to explain the...Ch. 10 - 10.25Draw a potential energy curve for the bond...Ch. 10 - 10.26 What is the hybridization of atomic...Ch. 10 - 10.27 How does a hybrid orbital differ from a pure...Ch. 10 - 10.28 What is the angle between these two hybrid...Ch. 10 - 10.29 How would you distinguish between a sigma...Ch. 10 - 10.30 Which of these pairs of atomic orbitals of...Ch. 10 - 10.31 The following potential energy curve...Ch. 10 - 10.32 What is the hybridization state of Si in...Ch. 10 - 10.33 Describe the change in hybridization (if...Ch. 10 - 10.34 Consider the reaction Describe the changes...Ch. 10 - 10.35 What hybrid orbitals are used by nitrogen...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36QPCh. 10 - 10.37 Specify which hybrid orbitals are used by...Ch. 10 - 10.38 What is the hybridization state of the...Ch. 10 - 10.39 The allene molecule H2C=C=CH2 is linear (the...Ch. 10 - 10.40 Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in...Ch. 10 - 10.41 How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are there...Ch. 10 - 10.42 How many pi bonds and sigma bonds are there...Ch. 10 - 10.43 Give the formula of a cation comprised of...Ch. 10 - 10.44 Give the formula of an anion comprised of...Ch. 10 - 10.45 What is molecular orbital theory? How does...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Define these terms: bonding molecular...Ch. 10 - 10.47 Sketch the shapes of these molecular...Ch. 10 - 10.48 Explain the significance of bond order. Can...Ch. 10 - 10.49 Explain in molecular orbital terms the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.50QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.51QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.52QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.53QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.54QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.55QPCh. 10 - 10.56 Compare the Lewis and molecular orbital...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.57QPCh. 10 - 10.58 Compare the relative stability of these...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.59QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.60QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.61QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.62QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.63QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.64QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.65QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.66QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.67QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.68QPCh. 10 - 10.69 Draw Lewis structures and give the other...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.70QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.71QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.72QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.73QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.74QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.75QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.76QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.77QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.78QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.79QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.80QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.81QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.82QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.83QPCh. 10 - 10.84 The ionic character of the bond in a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.85QPCh. 10 - 10.86 Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is an...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.87QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.88QPCh. 10 - 10.90 Progesterone is a hormone responsible for...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.91SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.92SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.93SPCh. 10 - 10.94 The molecule benzyne (C6H4) is a very...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.95SPCh. 10 - 10.96 As mentioned in the chapter, the Lewis...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.97SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.98SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.99SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.100SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.101SPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.102SP
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