EBK RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220106720271
Author: Forzano
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1E
In addition to the key words, you should also be able to define the following terms:
Individual differences
Differential effects
History
Instrumentation
Order effects
Maturation
Statistical regression
Interrupted time-series designs
Single-case, or single-subject designs
Participant attrition, or participant mortality
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
The given terms.
Answer to Problem 1E
Solution:
The definitions of the terms are stated below.
Explanation of Solution
- Individual differences: These are personal characteristics that differ from one participant to another.
- Differential effects: The Differential Outcomes Effect is a theory in Behaviorism, a branch of psychology that shows that a positive effect on accuracy occurs in discrimination learning between different stimuli when unique rewards are paired with each individual stimulus.
- History: The term history, refers to the environmental events other than the treatment that changes over time and may affect the scores in one treatment differently than in another treatment.
- Instrumentation: Instrumentation refers to changes in a measuring instrument that occur over time.
- Order effects: When an individual is tested in a series of treatment conditions, participation in one treatment may have an influence on the participants' scores in the treatments that follow and it is referred as order effects.
- Maturation: Any systematic changes in participant's physiology or psychology that occur during a research study and affect the participants' scores are referred to as maturation.
- Statistical regression: This refers to the tendency for extreme scores on any measurements to move towards the mean when the measurement procedure is repeated.
- Interrupted time-series designs: Interrupted time series is a special type of time series where treatment/intervention occurred at a specific point and the series is broken up by the introduction of the intervention.
- Single-case or single-subject designs: In the design of experiments, single-subject design or single-case research design is a research design most often used in the applied fields of psychology, education, and human behavior in which the subject serves as his/her own control, rather than using another individual/group.
- Participant attrition or participant mortality: Participants frequently drop out of experiments whilst they are taking place/before they finish; something that is known as participant mortality or participant attrition.
Conclusion:
The terms defined above are needed to properly understand any statistical experiment.
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1. Regression analysis that analyzes the relationship between one dependent variable and several independent variable is called
a. Cluster analysis
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c. correlation analysis
d. multiple regression analysis
2. Data collected on the same observation unit at a number of points in time are called
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shown in the following scatterplot and regression analy-sis. (Source: World Drug Report, 2011. www.unodc.org/
unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2011.html)
Dependent variable is CocaineR-squared = 38.1%s = 0.724 with 22 - 2 = 20 degrees of freedomVariable Coefficient SE(Coeff) t-Ratio P-ValueIntercept 0.35707 0.2757 1.295 0.21Cannabis% 0.14264 0.0406 3.512 0.002a) Explain in context what the regression says.b) State the hypothesis about the slope (both numericallyand in words) that describes how use of marijuana isassociated with other drugs.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Explain the distinction between experimental and...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - What characteristic differentiates a pretest-post...Ch. 10 - Explain how a time-series design minimizes most...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Although the cohort effect can be a serious...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...
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