Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 10, Problem 2CYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of poison that blocks the K+ (potassium ion) leak channels on the resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle fibers. Also, the rationale behind the process.
Introduction:
Resting membrane potential generation depends on two types of ions, namely sodium and potassium ions. When these ions are charged, they cannot pass the hydrophobic plasma membrane. Their movement is facilitated by some membrane proteins known as protein channels. The leak channels are always open and continuously allow the flow of gradients.
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In theory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cation channels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signals and propagating action potentials? Why or why not?
Briefly describe why contraction of the muscle cell is called “sliding filament theory” (what is sliding?) and what do we mean by “excitation-contraction coupling?” (What is being excited, and what is coupled?)
.The poison ouabain (wah-BAY-in), or arrow poison, blocks the Na+ K+pump. What effect would this poison have on the sodium and potassium ion gradients and so on the action potentials of a muscle fiber?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - What are the two types of striated muscle?Ch. 10.1 - Which two types of muscle are involuntary?Ch. 10.1 - What is the basic function of all types of muscle...Ch. 10.1 - 4. What five properties are common to all muscle...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.2 - How are the terminal cisternae related to the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.2 - How does the arrangement of myofilaments produce...Ch. 10.2 - 5. Describe the structure of a sarcomere. What is...
Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.2 - Describe the structures of thin filaments, thick...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8QCCh. 10.3 - What is the resting membrane potential?Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.3 - 3. How do the electrochemical gradients for...Ch. 10.3 - What two factors generate the resting membrane...Ch. 10.3 - What is an action potential?Ch. 10.3 - What happens during the two phases of an action...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.4 - 3. How does excitation from a neuron trigger...Ch. 10.4 - How are excitation and contraction coupled?Ch. 10.4 - What are the steps of the crossbridge cycle?Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - What are the two immediate energy sources for...Ch. 10.5 - How long can these immediate energy sources fuel...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 7QCCh. 10.6 - What is a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - What are the phases of a twitch contraction?Ch. 10.6 - How does the timing of a stimulus impact the...Ch. 10.6 - 4. How do fused and unfused tetanus differ?
Ch. 10.6 - 5. At what length will a sarcomere be able to...Ch. 10.6 - How do type I and type II muscle fibers differ?Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.7 - 2. Explain the process of recruitment.
Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.7 - 4. How do isotonic concentric, isotonic...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 10.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 10.8 - What conditions does excess postexercise oxygen...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - How does a skeletal muscle fiber differ...Ch. 10 - Thick filaments are composed of the protein a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 10 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 10 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 10 - 8. Order the following events of excitation and...Ch. 10 - 9. Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 10 - 10. A muscle fiber relaxes when:
a. the...Ch. 10 - Which of the following energy sources would...Ch. 10 - 12. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 10 - 14. Muscle tone is:
a. the result of voluntary...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15CYRCh. 10 - Which of the following is not likely to result...Ch. 10 - Which of the following factors is/are responsible...Ch. 10 - 18. What is thought to cause excess postexercise...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 10 - 20. Which of the following best describes...Ch. 10 - Mark the following statements as true for smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 10 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 10 - 3. The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of...Ch. 10 - Explain why cardiac muscle cells and some smooth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 10 - Prob. 5AYKBCh. 10 - Prob. 6AYKB
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- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardEvery skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forward
- The _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction. a. myofibril b. sarcomere c. muscle fiber d. myosin filamentarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardDescribe the sequence of events by which an action potential in a motor neuron produces an action potential in the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forward
- What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions? Multiple Choice a) To spread the action potential through the T-tubules b) To bind with troponin, changing its shape so that binding sites on the actin filament are exposed c) To transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction d) To re-establish the polarization of the plasma's membrane following an action potential e) To break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATParrow_forwardWhich of the following causes ( the state of ) rigor in skeletal muscle ?a) lack of atp b) decrease of intracellular ca2plus c) increase in intracellular ca2+ d) lack of action potential in motor neuronsarrow_forward
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