(a)
To calculate: The chemical potential difference at the given concentration values of Ca2+ when the membrane potential is -50mV.
Concept introduction: The free energy change for moving a substance across a membrane depends upon the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. In case of ions, the free energy change depends upon the membrane potential. A random distribution of molecules is an energy-rich condition because when all the concentrations are equal, the free energy change is minimized. The difference in the concentrations of the substances on both sides of the membrane produces a potential difference called the chemical potential difference. The difference in the charge trans-membrane movement of ions across the membrane is called
(b)
To calculate: The chemical potential difference at the given concentration values of Ca2+, when the membrane potential is -50mV.
Concept introduction: The free energy change for moving a substance across a membrane depends upon the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. In case of ions, the free energy change depends upon the membrane potential. A random distribution of molecules is an energy-rich condition because when all the concentrations are equal, the free energy change is minimized. The difference in the concentrations of the substances on both sides of the membrane produces a potential difference called the chemical potential difference. The difference in the charge trans-membrane movement of ions across the membrane is called electrochemical potential.
To explain: The comparison of both case (a) and case (b) and determine in which the movement of Ca2+ in the indicated direction is
Concept introduction: The free energy change for moving a substance across a membrane depends upon the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. In case of ions, the free energy change depends upon the membrane potential. A random distribution of molecules is an energy-rich condition because when all the concentrations are equal, the free energy change is minimized. The difference in the concentrations of the substances on both sides of the membrane produces a potential difference called the chemical potential difference. The difference in the charge trans-membrane movement of ions across the membrane is called electrochemical potential.
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