Chapter 10.10, Problem 31ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The target molecule should be drawn and identified for the given starting molecule by using its molecular structure.

Concept Introduction:

 Reduction reaction: The alkenes or alkynes can be reduced to alkanes with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ in the presence of metal catalyst $\left(\text{Pd}\right)$. This heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate which is then poisoned with various forms of lead or Sulphur. The new $\text{C-H σ}$ bonds are formed simultaneously from $\text{H}$ atoms absorbed into the metal surface.

Halogenation: The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Sodium amide ( ${\text{NaNH}}_{\text{2}}$): The strong base of ${\text{NaNH}}_{\text{2}}$ will deprotonate alkynes, alcohols and other organic functional groups with acidic protons such as esters and ketones. It is also a very strong nucleophile. It is a strong base and excellent nucleophile. It’s used deprotonated of weak acids and also for elimination reaction.